云南沧源佤族传统民居气候适应性研究

Climate Adaptability of Wa Minority Traditional Dwellings in Cangyuan County,Yunnan Province

传统民居由深谙当地气候条件的工匠与居民所建造,具有丰富的气候适应性,但由于经济技术条件相对落后以及缺乏科学理论的指导等存在一定的不足。运用建筑气候分析工具对云南沧源的气象数据进行分析,得到了适用于当地气候的建筑设计策略,并结合实地调研与软件模拟将其与佤族传统民居实际采用的气候适应策略进行对比分析,发现佤族传统民居在遮阳、自然通风与建筑防水防潮方面采用了有效的气候适应性措施,但在被动式太阳能利用方面,虽然气候分析发现该措施在当地冬季具有一定的应用潜力,但当地传统民居在被动式太阳能利用方面存在自身的局限性,在今后新民居建设中可以考虑增加太阳能利用方面的措施。为挖掘当地民居气候适应经验,促进当地民居绿色演进,传承当地民居地域特色提供参考。

Traditional dwellings are built by craftsmen and residents who are well versed in local climate conditions,and have rich measures in climate adaptation.However,due to relatively backward economic and technical conditions,lack of scientific theoretical guidance and other reasons,the traditional dwellings will also have some shortcomings.Architecture climate analysis tools are used to analyze the meteorological data of Cangyuan,and climate adaptation strategies suitable for local dwellings are proposed.Combining with field investigation and software simulation,this paper compares these climate adaptation strategies with the climate adaptation strategies actually adopted by Wa minority traditional dwellings,and it is found that Wa minority traditional dwellings have effective climate adaptation measures in terms of shading,natural ventilation and building waterproof and moisture-proof.However,in terms of passive solar energy utilization,although climate analysis found that this measure has certain application potential in local winter,local traditional dwellings have their own limitations in passive solar energy utilization,and measures to increase solar energy utilization can be considered in the future construction of new dwellings.This study provides reference for excavating the climate adaptation experience of local dwellings,promoting the green evolution of local dwellings and inheriting the regional characteristics of local dwellings.