正念训练对大学生睡眠和焦虑抑郁情绪的干预效果

Evaluation of the effects of mindfulness training on sleep, anxiety and depression in college students

目的探究线上、线下正念训练对改善新冠肺炎疫情后大学生焦虑抑郁情绪和睡眠质量的效果评价,为提高大学生心理健康程度提供参考。方法于2020年9月,采用随机整群抽样法选取华北理工大学1 203名大学生进行抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)筛查,符合入组标准者103名,随机分为线上组(64名)和线下组(39名),干预后评估大学生焦虑抑郁情绪和睡眠质量改善程度。结果线上线下正念训练干预后大学生SAS、SDS、PSQI得分均低于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为5.57,5.31,3.99;4.88,5.02,5.88,P值均<0.01)。线上、线下两种干预训练,对睡眠质量改善程度差异有统计学意义(t=-2.55,P<0.05)。大学生焦虑、抑郁、睡眠3种症状合并越少,正念干预症状缓解率越高,3种症状并存缓解率≤25%,2种症状并存缓解率<40%,仅有1种症状缓解率100%。结论线上、线下正念训练皆可作为干预睡眠、焦虑和抑郁情绪的有效手段;线下正念训练对于改善大学生睡眠质量优于线上;正念训练对于单一症状者缓解效果更为明显。

Objective To investigate the effect of online and offline mindfulness training on improving anxiety and depression and sleep quality of college students, and to provide a reference for mental health promotion among college students. Methods From October 2020, a total of 1 203 university students from North China University of Technology were screened with the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) using the whole group radom cluster sampling method. Totally 103 students who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into 64 online and 39 offline groups. The degree of improvement in anxiety, depression and sleep quality was assessed after the intervention. Results The SAS, SDS and PSQI scores of college students after the online and offline the mindfulness training intervention significantly decreased compared with score before the intervention(t=5.57, 5.31, 3.99;4.88,5.02, 5.88, P<0.01). The difference in the degree of improvement in sleep quality between the two interventions, online and offline, was statistically significant(t=-2.55, P<0.05). The less the three symptoms of anxiety, depression and sleep were combined in university students, the higher the symptom remission rate of the positive mindfulness training(25% remission rate for all three symptoms together, 40% remission rate for two symptoms together and 100% remission rate for only one symptom). Conclusion Both online and mindfulness training can be used as an effective intervention for sleep, anxiety and depression;offline mindfulness training is more effective than online in improving sleep quality in university students;mindfulness training is more effective in relieving single symptoms.