深海多金属硫化物开采技术

Mining technology of deep-sea polymetallic sulfide

海底块状多金属硫化物大多以三维矿体形式分布于水深1500~3000m范围,其剥削、采集方法是深海多金属硫化物资源开采利用的关键技术。首先通过对海底多金属硫化物样品开展围压条件下的三轴压缩试验,获得硫化物的各项物理力学特性参数。针对机械刀具和水射流等不同破碎方式开展对比分析,确定优先采用螺旋滚筒采掘头切削方式破岩,进一步开展滚筒推进方式、排布方式研究,提出高海水围压条件下采掘头设计方案;以绿色、高效采集为目标,开展多金属硫化物采集技术研究,通过对比分析确定采用一体式采集头更具优势。最后提出深海多金属硫化物采-集一体化的采矿车总体设计方案,为未来海底多金属硫化物采矿机的设计提供技术参考。

The seafloor massive sulfide(SMS)mostly distributes in the form of three-dimensional orebodies at water depth of 1500-3000 m,and its exploitation and collection methods are key technologies for the exploitation and utilization of deep-sea polymetallic sulfide resources.Firstly,the triaxial compression test under confining pressure was carried out on the submarine polymetallic sulfide sample to obtain various physical and mechanical properties of the sulfide.A comparative analysis was carried out for different crushing methods,such as mechanical tools and water jets,and it was determined that the spiral drum mining head cutting method should be used to break the rock.Further research on the drum propulsion mode and arrangement mode was carried out,and the mining head design scheme under the conditions of high seawater confining pressure was proposed.At the same time,with the goal of green and efficient collection,the research on the polymetallic sulfide collection technology was carried out,and the advantages and disadvantages of different mining methods were compared and analyzed.Finally,an overall design scheme of a mining vehicle integrating deep-sea polymetallic sulfide mining and collection was proposed,which provides a technical reference for the design of future seabed polymetallic sulfide mining machines.