滨海蓝碳生态系统保护与碳交易机制研究

Research on the Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystem Conservation and Carbon Trading Mechanism

海洋是地球上最大的碳库,推动蓝碳交易是实现中国碳达峰、碳中和目标的重要举措。当前国际蓝碳交易主要集中在IPCC认可的红树林、海草床、盐沼三大滨海蓝碳生态系统。文章在分析海洋碳循环机制的基础上,系统梳理了三大蓝碳生态系统的保护修复现状和固碳机制,提出建立健全我国蓝碳创新发展支撑体系的建议:(1)开展滨海生态系统基础调查和碳储量评估;(2)制定重要滨海生态系统保护修复激励政策、创新激励机制;(3)加强海洋保护地管理与制度建设;(4)建立蓝碳核算标准和认证体系;(5)构建蓝碳交易市场;(6)推动蓝碳国际合作。

The ocean is the largest carbon reservoir on earth,and it is essential to promote blue carbon trading to achieve China’s emission peak and carbon neutrality.At present,international blue carbon trading mainly focuses on the three major coastal blue carbon ecosystems recognized by IPCC,namely mangroves,seagrass beds,and salt marshes.Based on the analysis of the marine carbon cycle mechanism,the article systematically compares the protection and restoration status and carbon sequestration mechanism of the three major blue carbon ecosystems and proposes following suggestions to establish a sound blue carbon innovation and development support system in China:(1) carrying out primary survey and carbon stock assessment of coastal ecosystems;(2) formulating incentive policies and innovative incentive mechanisms to protect and restore critical coastal ecosystems;(3) strengthening the management and system construction of marine reserves;(4) establishing blue carbon accounting standards and certification system;(5) building a blue carbon trading market;(6) promoting international cooperation on blue carbon.