通识使之然耳:新媒体改善居民性别观念效果研究

Impacts of New Media on Gender Role Attitudes and Gender Discrimination

本文基于2010—2015年中国综合社会调查(2010—2015 CGSS)的数据,研究以互联网为代表的新媒体对就业市场性别歧视的影响。实证结果表明:新媒体通过信息传播、教育、娱乐和表达自我诉求等渠道可以改善传统性别观念,从而降低就业市场性别歧视倾向,即使用互联网频率越高则性别歧视倾向越低;在控制个人、家庭、地区社会经济发展等相关特征变量后,采用地区降雨量作为工具变量的估计结果依然稳健;异质性检验表明改善效果从2010年到2015年有所加强,在农村户籍、女性受访者、中西部地区效果更为显著。本文为改善性别观念、缩小性别间不平等提供了政策启示。

This paper theoretically and empirically investigates the effects of Internet utilization on bettering traditional gender attitudes to alleviate gender discrimination. Based on the 2010—2015 China Comprehensive Social Survey data, we found that because of its functions in information dissemination, education, entertainment and self-expression, increasing Internet can contribute to better gender role attitudes and then change gender discrimination. Using regional rainfall as an instrumental variable, we confirm its causality. Empirical evidence also shows that the effect is strengthened from 2010 to 2015, is stronger among subsamples of rural areas, female respondents, and the central and western regions. Aiming to reduce gender inequality, it is better to generalize new media coverage for policy design.