“一带一路”参与、高管海外背景与企业技术创新

“The Belt and Road”Participation,Executives′Oversea Background and Enterprise Technological Innovation

政府是创新之路的顶层设计者,企业是创新之路的建设者,“一带一路”能否建设成为创新之路,关键在于企业是否愿意到“一带一路”国家从事跨国经营,以及企业参与“一带一路”跨国经营能否整合国外资源提升其创新能力,但鲜有学者深入探究企业参与“一带一路”跨国经营对其技术创新的影响。基于资源基础理论和组织合法性理论,从企业参与“一带一路”跨国经营视角,理论分析和实证检验企业参与“一带一路”跨国经营对其技术创新影响的机理。利用手工整理的2013年至2018年中国上市公司参与“一带一路”跨国经营数据,运用多元回归分析方法,检验参与“一带一路”跨国经营对企业技术创新的直接影响关系和间接作用路径、高管海外背景对二者之间关系的调节作用,以及产权异质性和经济政策不确定性对二者之间关系的差异影响,并且采用稳健性检验有效地保证了研究结果的可靠性。研究结果表明,企业参与“一带一路”跨国经营对其技术创新具有促进作用,该促进作用主要通过企业创新资金和获取人才资源的路径机制实现;高管海外背景对企业参与“一带一路”跨国经营与技术创新之间的关系具有正向调节作用,与高管海外工作背景相比,高管海外学习背景的调节作用更大;与非国有企业相比,国有企业参与“一带一路”跨国经营对其技术创新的促进作用更强;在世界经济政策不确定性较低的情景下,参与“一带一路”跨国经营对其技术创新的促进作用更强。研究结果在理论方面进一步丰富了“一带一路”倡议下企业技术创新的相关研究,在实践方面不仅为中国企业全球化战略的区位选择、组建高管团队和应对世界经济政策不确定性等方面具有一定的参考价值,而且在“一带一路”区域的营商环境和创新生态培育方面具有一定的启示意义。

At the initial stage for“the Belt and Road”forum for international cooperation,President Xi Jinping pointed out that“the Belt and Road”should be the road of innovation,which is designed by the government and is built by the enterprises.The keys to the success of this initiative are the willingness of enterprises to extend their business to countries involved in“the Belt and Road”initiative,and the improvement of their innovation ability by integrating the foreign resources during multinational operations.While few researches have been conducted on the relationship between the participation of enterprises in the B&R construction and their technological innovation.In this context,based on the resource-based view and organizational legitimacy theory,from the perspective of the multinational operation along“the Belt and Road”,this study systematically analyzes the mechanism of the impacts that multinational operations of enterprises along“the Belt and Road”have on their technical innovation.Taking Chinese A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2018 as samples,based on the manually collected data of the multinational operation along“the Belt and Road”,this study empirically analyzes the direct and indirect impacts of the multinational operations along“the Belt and Road”on their technical innovation,and the moderating effect of executives′overseas background on the relationship between them,and the difference influence of the property right heterogeneity and economic policy uncertainty on their relationship.A series of robustness tests are performed to ensure the reliability of the research conclusions.The result shows that the“the Belt and Road”participation has a promoting effect on the technological innovation of enterprises,which is mainly realized by the acquisition ability of the innovation fund and talent resource.Our result also shows that the overseas background of executives has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the“the Belt and Road”participation and enterprise technological innovation,and the regulating effect of the executives overseas learning background is greater than that of the overseas working background.The“the Belt and Road”participation plays a stronger role in promoting technological innovation in the state-owned enterprises comparing with the non-state-owned enterprises.“The Belt and Road”participation also has a higher influence on promoting technological innovation under the context of low world economic policy uncertainty.This study makes theoretical contribution to enterprise technology innovation under the“the Belt and Road”initiative.This paper also provides managerial implications on the location selection under globalization strategies in Chinese companies,the formation and construction of executive team and the response to uncertainties in world economic policies.Our study also enlightens the cultivation of the regional business environment and innovation ecology in the countries and regions involved in the“the Belt and Road”Initiative.