中美政策性生猪保险比较分析

Comparative analysis of policy-based swine insurance between China and America

对中美政策性生猪保险的比较分析能给我国政策性生猪保险的发展带来新的启示。笔者总结中美生猪养殖的风险特征,比较中美政策性生猪保险的经营种类、经营模式、政策支持和实施效果的异同,从而为我国政策性生猪保险的发展提供启示。结果表明:美国生猪养殖主要面临价格风险,我国则面临价格风险和疫病风险。美国政策性生猪保险的经营种类主要为生猪价格保障保险(LRP-swine)、生猪收益保障保险(LGM-swine),更偏向于直接保障收益;我国则为能繁母猪保险和育肥猪保险,更偏向于对死亡猪按照一定标准进行资金赔付。两国均采用"政策性保险+商业化经营"的经营模式;两国政府均通过保费补贴、税收优惠等方式提供政策支持。美国政策性生猪保险参保量整体下降,其主要原因为美国生猪养殖户有多种风险分散工具选择;我国政策性生猪保险参保量则维持稳定。因此,笔者建议要立足国情,实现政策性生猪保险特色发展;拓宽政策性生猪保险购买渠道;探索政府、保险公司与生猪养殖户三方共赢模式;加快建立生猪期货市场,以期为我国政策性生猪保险更好地保障养殖户收益提供支撑。

The comparative analysis of policy-based swine insurance between China and America can bring new enlightenment to the development of policy-based swine insurance in China.The authors summarizes the characteristics of swine breeding risks in China and America,and compares the similarities and differences in the types,modes,policy support and implementation effects of policy-based swine insurance in China and America,thus providing enlightenment for the development of policy-based swine insurance in China.The results showed that swine breeding in America was mainly faced with price risk,while that in China was faced with price risk and disease risk.The main types of swine insurance in America are livestock risk protection insurance-swine(LRP-swine)and livestock gross margin-swine(LGM-swine),which are more inclined to directly guarantee the income,while in China,it is reproductive sow insurance and finishing swine insurance,which are more inclined to fund compensation for dead pigs according to certain standards.Both countries adopt the business model of"policy insurance+commercial operation".Both governments provide policy support through premium subsidies and tax incentives.The overall decline in the insured amount of policy-based swine insurance in America is mainly due to the fact that American swine farmers have a variety of risk diversification tools to choose,while the insured amount of policy-based swine insurance in China remains stable.Therefore,the author suggests to realize the characteristic development of policy-based swine insurance based on national conditions,broaden policy-based swine insurance purchase channels,explore the win-win model of government,insurance companies and swine farmers,and accelerate the establishment of swine futures market,in order to provide support for China’s policy-based live swine insurance to better guarantee the income of farmers.