建筑铝材表面处理及其性能研究

Surface Treatment of Construction Aluminum and Its Performance

选用建筑铝材6063-T6作为基体,分别采用硬质阳极氧化和草酸阳极氧化进行表面处理。比较了未处理及处理后试样的微观形貌、物相、显微硬度、耐磨性能和耐蚀性能,结果表明:硬质阳极氧化和草酸阳极氧化处理后铝材的微观形貌和表面粗糙度与未处理铝材相比有所不同,硬质氧化膜与草酸氧化膜相比较为平整致密。未处理铝材的表面成分以Al元素为主,主要物相为Al相,处理后铝材的表面成分以Al和O元素为主,主要物相为Al相、α-Al_(2)O_(3)相和γ-Al_(2)O_(3)相。硬质阳极氧化和草酸阳极氧化处理后铝材的显微硬度较未处理铝材分别提高了约274 HV、191 HV,摩擦系数明显减小,耐蚀性能有较大程度提高。硬质阳极氧化是提高建筑铝材表面性能的有效措施,在提高建筑铝材的耐蚀性能方面,草酸阳极氧化替代硬质阳极氧化具有可行性。

Construction aluminum 6063-T6 was selected as the matrix,and it was treated by hard anod‐ic oxidation and oxalic acid anodic oxidation respectively.The microstructure,phase composition,mi‐crohardness,wear resistance and corrosion resistance of untreated and treated sample were investigated.The results showed that there was some differences in the microstructure and surface roughness of the aluminum treated by hard anodic oxidation and oxalic acid anodic oxidation respectively,and hard ox‐ide film was smoother and denser than that of oxalic acid oxide film.The surface composition of untreat‐ed aluminum was mainly Al element,and the main phase was Al phase.The surface composition of treated aluminum was mainly Al and O element,and the main phase was Al,α-Al_(2)O_(3) andγ-Al_(2)O_(3) phase.Compared with untreated aluminum,the microhardness of the aluminum treated by hard anodic oxidation and oxalic acid anodic oxidation was increased by about 274 HV and 191 HV respectively,the friction coefficient decreased obviously and the corrosion resistance was obviously improved.Hard anodic oxidation was an effective measure to improve the surface performance of construction alumi‐num.In terms of improving the corrosion resistance of construction aluminum,oxalic acid anodic oxi‐dation was feasible to replace hard anodic oxidation.