干细胞及类器官在特发性肺纤维化修复和再生中的应用

Application of stem cells and organoids in repair and regeneration of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

特发性肺纤维化(idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF)是一种不可逆转的、死亡率较高的间质性疾病,发病率在全世界范围内呈逐渐增长趋势,严重危害人类的健康,给社会带来巨大的经济负担。目前,传统的治疗方法虽然能够减缓疾病的进展,但是无法有效控制病情。临床上两种针对IPF的药物吡非尼酮和尼达尼布也存在较多的不良反应。因此,探求让纤维化逆转和肺再生的新方法显得至关重要。干细胞的修复和再生能力对于IPF的治疗具有独特的优势。近年来,由干细胞生成的肺类器官的出现让纤维化肺再生的研究进入了一个全新的阶段,其结构和功能类似于活体器官,与亲代细胞具有相似的遗传特性,在研究肺组织的发育过程以及药物实验方面发挥了巨大作用,尤其是在再生医学方面,为研究者提供了一个良好的体外模型。本综述主要对目前干细胞及类器官在IPF修复和再生中的作用进行总结,希望能为临床治疗IPF提供参考。

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF) is an irreversible and highly mortal interstitial disease. The incidence of IPF is increasing around the world, which seriously harms human health and brings huge economic burden to the society. While traditional treatments can slow the progression of the disease, they are far to cure this disease. Clinically, pirfenidone and nintedanib are two main drugs that used for the treatment of IPF. However,severe adverse reactions were reported in some patients. Therefore, it is very important to explore novel therapeutic strategies to reverse fibrosis and regenerate lung. The repair and regeneration ability of stem cells has unique advantages in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. The structure and function of organoids produced by stem cells have similar characteristics with live organs. Therefore, lung stem cells play an important role in the discovery of novel anti-IPF drugs, and in the formation and development of lung tissue. In addition, organoids produced by stem cells also serve as a perfect model for regenerative medicine. In this review, we mainly summarize the role of stem cells and organoids in the repair and regeneration of pulmonary fibrosis, and hope to provide a reference for the development of clinical treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.