瑜伽锻炼改善AIS大学生患者脊柱形态与椎旁肌肌电信号的研究

Study on the Improvement of Electromyographic Signals of Spine Form and Paravertebral Muscles in Undergraduates with AIS by Yoga Exercise

目的探讨瑜伽锻炼对青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)大学生患者脊柱形态的康复效果及椎旁肌肌电信号的变化,为瑜伽运动有效改善AIS提供理论依据。方法通过X光片筛查,选取24名受试者作为研究对象,其中16名AIS大学生男性患者,8名正常男性大学生,将其中16名患者随机分组为瑜伽组和侧凸对照组,其余8名正常大学生为正常对照组。瑜伽组的患者进行为期12周的瑜伽锻炼(4次/周),其余两个对照组不进行任何特定的体育锻炼。干预前后,分别对24名受试者进行椎旁肌肌电指标的测量比较,对16名AIS受试者进行胸、腰段Cobb角、冠状面骨盆倾斜角(PO)、锁骨角(CA)的测量并做干预前后对比。结果1)瑜伽组的胸、腰段Cobb角在干预后明显下降,均与干预前有显著差异(p<0.01)。2)瑜伽组的PO、CA在干预后明显降低,且差异显著(p<0.01)。3)干预前,瑜伽组和侧凸对照组的胸、腰段Cobb无显著差异(p>0.05);瑜伽组与侧凸对照组在干预后的比较发现,瑜伽组的胸、明显低于侧凸对照组,腰段略低于侧凸对照组(胸p<0.01,腰p>0.05)。4)干预前,瑜伽组和侧凸对照组的PO、CA无显著性差异(p>0.05);在干预后,瑜伽组PO、CA均明显低于侧凸对照组(PO:p<0.01,CA:p<0.05);干预前经相关性比较发现,胸、腰段Cobb角与PO均高度相关(胸:r=0.963,腰r=0.855;p<0.01)。5)瑜伽组和侧凸对照组的凸凹侧椎旁肌IEMG、AEMG比较,凸侧均明显高于凹侧,有显著差异(p<0.01);正常对照组左右侧椎旁肌IEMG、AEMG对称,无显著差异(p>0.05);两组与正常对照组IEMG比值比较发现,瑜伽组与侧凸对照组的IEMG比值均大于1,与正常对照组比较均有显著差异(p<0.01);瑜伽组与侧凸对照组在干预前的凸凹侧AEMG比值无显著差异(p>0.05),而两组与正常对照组的比较均有显著差异(p<0.01)。6)瑜伽组椎旁肌凹侧AEMG、IEMG在干预后均有明显增加,且与干预前比较均有显著差异(p<0.01);瑜伽组的凸凹侧AEMG比值、IEMG比值与干预前比较,均有明显下降(p<0.01)。结论患者胸腰段Cobb角的下降和PO、CA的减小,说明持续的瑜伽锻炼对AIS的脊柱形态矫正有显著效果,并且通过椎旁肌肌电信号的变化,能有效平衡患者背部肌电信号,也能从另一方面证明瑜伽可以改善患者椎旁肌肌力的对称性。

Objective To explore the rehabilitation effect of yoga exercise on the spinal morphology of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis(AIS)patients and the changes of myoelectric signals of paracrine muscles,so as to provide theoretical basis for the effective improvement of AIS by yoga exercise.Methods Through X-ray screening,24 subjects were selected as the study subjects,including 16 male college students with AIS and 8 normal male college students.The 16 patients were randomly divided into yoga group and scoliosis control group,and the other 8 normal college students were normal control group.Patients in the yoga group did yoga exercises for 12 weeks(4 times/week),and the remaining two controls did not do any specific physical exercise.Before,during and after the intervention of 24 subjects respectively compare vertebral side muscle electromyography index measurement,to bosom,waist section 16 AIS subjects Cobb Angle,coronal Pelvic tilt Angle(PO),Angle of Clavicle(CA)measurement and make comparison before and after the intervention.Results 1)The Cobb Angle of chest and waist in yoga group decreased significantly after intervention,which was significantly different from that before intervention(p<0.01).2)The PO and CA of yoga group were significantly decreased after intervention,and the difference was significant(p<0.01).3)Before intervention,there was no significant difference in Cobb of chest and waist between yoga group and scoliosis control group(p>0.05).The comparison between yoga group and scoliosis control group after intervention found that the thoracic and lumbar segment of yoga group was significantly lower than that of scoliosis control group,and slightly lower than that of scoliosis control group(chest p<0.01,waist p>0.05).4)Before intervention,there was no significant difference in PO and CA between yoga group and scoliosis control group(p>0.05).After intervention,PO and CA in yoga group were significantly lower than those in scoliosis control group(PO:p<0.01,CA:p<0.05).Before intervention,Cobb Angle was highly correlated with PO(chest:r=0.963,waist:r=0.855;p<0.01).5)The IEMG and AEMG of the convexity and concavity paravertebral muscles in yoga group and scoliosis control group were significantly higher on convex side than on concave side(p<0.01).The IEMG and AEMG of the left and right paravertebral muscles in the normal control group were symmetrical,with no significant difference(p>0.05).The IEMG ratio of yoga group and scoliosis control group was more than 1,and there were significant differences between yoga group and scoliosis control group(p<0.01).There was no significant difference between yoga group and scoliosis control group in the ratio of AEMG on convex and concave side before intervention(p>0.05),but there was significant difference between yoga group and scoliosis control group(p<0.01).6)In the yoga group,AEMG and IEMG of the paraspinal concave muscle were significantly increased after intervention,and were significantly different from those before intervention(p<0.01).The AEMG ratio and IEMG ratio of convex and concave sides in yoga group were significantly decreased compared with those before intervention(p<0.01).Conclusion By patients with thoracic lumbar segment Cobb Angle decreased and the decrease of the PO,CA,suggests continued yoga exercise correction of spinal shape of AIS has significant effect,and with the vertebral side muscle electromyographic signal changes,can effectively balance the patient back electromyographic signal,also can from on the one hand that yoga can improve patients with vertebral side muscle of symmetry.