重庆市采矿业重点职业病危害监测结果分析

Analysis on monitoring results of key occupational hazards in mining industry in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市采矿业工作场所重点职业病危害因素及其浓(强)度,提出采矿业职业病危害防控重点,为采矿业专项治理提供科学依据。方法对重庆市145家采矿企业职业病危害因素及接触人数、工作场所重点职业病危害因素监测结果进行分析。结果重庆市采矿业80.0%为非金属矿选业,小微、私营企业为主,分别占87.59%、88.28%,接害人数煤矿行业最多,占77.89%;重庆市采矿业主要危害因素为粉尘、噪声、锰及其化合物、铅尘,接害人数分别为7 509、16 200、766、25人,检测超标率分别为43.36%、45.18%、8.82%、0;粉尘接害人数中煤尘最多,占46.13%,其次是矽尘、石灰石粉尘,分别为45.27%、8.60%;煤尘、矽肺、石灰石粉尘浓度超标率分别为78.87%、59.54%、12.26%,煤尘以采煤岗位呼尘和总尘浓度最高,平均尘峰接触浓度分别是32.38、30.42 mg/m;矽尘(呼尘)浓度以煤矿开采行业最高,时间加权平均浓度达到2.25 mg/m;矽尘(总尘)浓度以其他未列明非金属矿采选业最高,平均尘峰接触浓度为3.38 mg/m;石灰石粉尘主要分布在石灰石、石膏开采业接害人数构成比占52.17%,其他未列明非金属矿采选业石灰石粉尘(呼尘)浓度最高,平均尘峰接触达到1.56 mg/m;锰及其化合物分布在锰矿企业,浓度达到0.037 5 mg/m;超标率8.82%;铅锌矿采选业铅尘浓度均值为0.011 mg/m;均符合职业卫生限值要求;建筑装饰用石开采噪声超标率最高、岗位噪声和场所噪声最大,均值为89.0、91.9 dB(A)。结论噪声、粉尘是重庆市采矿业主要职业病危害因素,现有职业病危害现状不容乐观,应进一步加强噪声控制和粉尘专项治理,改善作业环境,保护作业人员健康。

Objective To understand the key occupational hazard factors and their concentration(intensity) in mining workplaces in Chongqing,put forward the key points of prevention and control of occupational hazards in mining industry,and provide scientific basis for special management of mining industry. Methods The occupational hazard factors,number of exposed-worker and the monitoring results of key occupational hazard factors in workplaces of 145 mining enterprises in Chongqing were analyzed.Results 80.0% of the mining industry in Chongqing was non-metallic mineral processing industry,mainly small and micro enterprises and private enterprises,accounting for 87.59% and 88.28% respectively,with the largest number of exposed workers in coal mining industry,accounting for 77.90%. The main hazard factors of mining industry in Chongqing were dust,noise,manganese and its compounds,lead dust,with the number of exposed workers of 7 509,16 200,766 and 25 respectively,and the the exceeding standard rate was 43.36%,45.18%,8.82% and 0,respectively. The number of workers exposed to coal dust was the highest,accounting for 46.13%,followed by silica dust and limestone dust,by accounting for 45.27% and 8.60% respectively. the over standard rate of coal dust,silicosis and limestone dust was 78.87%,59.54% and 12.26%,respectively. The respirable dust and total dust concentrations of coal dust were the highest in coal mining post,and the average peak exposure concentration was32.38 and 30.42 mg/m;respectively. The silica dust(respirable dust) concentration in coal mining industry was the highest,and the time weighted average concentration was 2.25 mg/m;,while the silica dust(total dust) concentration in mining and processing industry of other non-metallic mines was the highest,and the average peak exposure concentration was 3.38 mg/m;. The limestone dust was mainly distributed in limestone and gypsum mining industry,and the proportion of the number of exposed workers was52.17%. The The limestone dust(respirable dust) concentration in mining and processing industry of other non-metallic mines was the highest,and the average peak exposure concentration was 1.56 mg/m;. The manganese and its compounds were distributed in manganese mining enterprises,which the concentration reached 0.037 5 mg/m;,with the exceeding standard rate of 8.82%. The average concentration of lead dust in mining and dressing industry of lead zinc mine was 0.011 mg/m;,which met the occupational health limit requirement. The exceeding standard rate of noise in building decoration stone mining was the highest,and the noise intensity of post and place was the highest,with the average value of 89.0 and 91.9 dB(A). Conclusion Noise and dust are the main occupational hazards of mining industry in Chongqing. The current situation of occupational hazards is not optimistic. It is necessary to further strengthen noise control and special dust control,improve the working environment and protect the health of exposed workers.