海南省黎族女性月经初潮年龄趋势变化及影响因素分析

Analysis on age trend and influencing factors of menarche among Li Nationality women in Hainan Province

目的调查海南省黎族女性月经初潮年龄趋势变化并分析影响因素,为本地开展青少年健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样法,选取2020年6—12月海南省白沙黎族自治县、陵水黎族自治县、昌江黎族自治县、乐东黎族自治县、琼中黎族苗族自治县、保亭黎族苗族自治县6个自治县共3 125人,年龄9~20岁且在该地居住≥6个月的黎族女性作为调查对象。由接受统一培训的调查人员对被调查者群体人口社会学特征与体格相关指标进行收集,并对数据进行分析。结果本次调查的3 125例黎族女性中,已潮1 332人、未潮1 793人。已潮初潮年龄(12.69±1.67)岁,且初潮年龄变化趋势表现为11、12、13岁占比较高,分别为21.32%、32.43%和17.94%。居住地农村、家庭年收入<5万、父母未过多干涉、父母未经常批评、睡眠时间≥8 h、看电视或电脑<1 h、出生体质量≥2.5 kg、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)正常、内脏脂肪指数(visceral adipose index,VAI)正常、体脂率(body fat percentage,BFP)正常女性的月经初潮年龄分别高于居住地城镇、家庭年收入≥5万、父母过多干涉、父母经常批评、睡眠时间<8 h、看电视或电脑≥1 h、出生体质量<2.5 kg、BMI异常、VAI异常及BFP异常女性的月经初潮年龄,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。居住地、家庭年收入、父母过多干涉、父母经常批评、睡眠时间、BMI、VAI及BFP均是女性月经初潮年龄的影响因素(均P<0.01)。结论海南省黎族女性月经初潮年龄以11~14岁年龄段为来潮高发人群,而居住地、家庭年收入、父母过多干涉、父母经常批评、睡眠时间、看电视或电脑、出生体质量、BMI、VAI及BFP等均是女性月经初潮年龄的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the trend of age change of menstruation of Li Nationality women in Hainan Province,analyze the influencing factors,and provide scientific basis for carrying out health education for local adolescents. Methods Using stratified multi-stage random sampling,a total of 3 125 Li Nationality women aged 9-20 years old,who were have lived in the place for ≥6 months,were collected from the Baisha Li Autonomous County,Lingshui Li Autonomous County,Changjiang Li Autonomous County,Ledong Li Autonomous County,Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County,Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County of Hainan Province from June 2020 to December 2020 as the research objects. Demographic and sociological characteristics and physique related indicators of the subject population were collected by uniformly trained investigators. And the data were analyzed. Results Among 3 125 surveyed Li Nationality women,1 332 had menstruation and 1 793 had no menarche.The age of menarche was(12.69±1.67) years old,and the changing trend of age of menarche was 11,12 and 13 years old,accounting for 21.32%,32.43% and 17.94%,respectively. The age of menarche of women who live in rural areas,annual family income <50 000,without too much interference from parents,without frequent criticism from parents,sleep time ≥8 hours,watching TV or computer <1 hour,birth weight ≥2.5 kg,normal body mass index(BMI),normal visceral adipose index(VAI),normal body fat percentage(BFP) were higher than those who live in town,annual family income ≥50 000,much interference from parents,frequent criticism from parents,sleep time <8 hours,watching TV or computer ≥1 hour,birth weight <2.5 kg,abnormal BMI,abnormal VAI and abnormal BFP,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The family annual income,excessive parental intervention,frequent parental criticism,sleep time,BMI,VAI and BFP were all influencing factors of menarche age(all P<0.05). Conclusion The age of menarche of Li Nationality women in Hainan Province concentrates on period of 11-14 years old,while residence,family annual income,excessive parental interference,frequent parental criticism,sleeping time,watching TV or computer,birth weight,BMI,VAI,BFP and other factors were all influencing the age of menarche of women.