2019年绵阳市中小学学生常见病监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Mianyang City in 2019

目的了解绵阳市中小学学生常见病患病情况,为开展学生常见病干预措施和加强学校卫生管理工作提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2019年在绵阳市随机抽取了3个区(县)的17所学校,再以年龄分层,以教学班级为单位随机整群抽样构成调查样本,每个年级至少抽取80名学生,对其健康检查结果进行统计分析。结果2019年共抽检中小学学生8176人,学生常见病检出率依次为视力低下68.86%、龋齿55.55%、脊柱弯曲12.49%、肥胖8.67%、消瘦5.33%;5种常见病在小学、初中和高中学生间的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);除营养不良外,其他4种常见病在不同性别小学生中检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),视力低下、龋齿检出率女生高于男生,而肥胖、脊柱弯曲检出率男生高于女生。结论绵阳市中小学学生肥胖和消瘦检出率较低,但视力低下、龋齿、脊柱弯曲检出率较高,有关部门应立即采取有针对性综合干预措施,做到早预早治,保护学生的身心健康。

Objective To understand the prevalence of common diseases in primary and secondary school students in Mianyang City,provide scientific basis for carrying out intervention measures of common diseases among students and strengthening the management of school health work. Methods By the stratified cluster random sampling method,17 schools from 3 districts(counties) were randomly selected in Mianyang City in 2019. After stratifying by age,the survey samples were obtained by the random cluster sampling with teaching class as a unit,at least 80 students were selected from each grade,and their health examination results were statistically analyzed. Results In 2019,a total of 8 176 primary and secondary school students were selected. The detection rate of common diseases was 68.86% in low vision,55.55% in dental caries,12.49% in spinal curvature,8.67% in obesity and 5.33% in emaciation. The differences in the five common diseases among primary school,junior high school and senior school students were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Except malnutrition,there were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of other four common disease among different gender primary and secondary school students(all P<0.05). The detection rate of low vision and dental caries was higher in girls than in boys,but the detection rate of obesity and spinal curvature was higher in boys than in girls. Conclusion The detection rates of obesity and emaciation in primary and secondary school students in Mianyang City are low,but the detection rates of low vision,dental caries and spinal curvature are high. Relevant departments should take targeted comprehensive intervention measures immediately,to achieve early prevention and early treatment,and protect the physical and mental health of students.