考虑顾客效用和时变品质度的乳品供应链品质激励契约研究

Research on Quality Incentive Contracts of Dairy Supply Chain Considering Customer Utility and Time-Varying Quality

考虑时间因素对乳制品品质的影响,构建"时变品质度"函数,结合消费者效用的敏感性,将乳品品质加成和时变特性与厂商收益管理有机结合,设计"批发价+收益共享"契约和"收益共享+品质投入成本共担"契约作为激励机制,来促进乳制品供应链上的主体企业提高品质投入水平。研究结果表明:单纯的"批发价+收益共享"契约对加工企业品质投入的激励效果有限,而"收益共享+品质投入成本共担"契约可以实现供销双方经济利润的帕累托改进,明晰供销双方在品质投入问题上的利益分配与权责关系,并在一定参数取值区间内,协调实现整体供应链利润最优。最后通过数值算例进行参数敏感性分析并验证相关结论。

"Quality, safety and green development" has become the consensus of the development of the dairy industry. If there is no reasonable interest distribution mechanism to support, the enthusiasm of processing enterprises would becombat in the face of high quality input costs. In this study, the quality of dairy products is defined by the concept of satisfactory quality. Considering the influence of time on the quality of dairy products, a "time-varying quality" functionis built with productivity, behavioral and environmental perspectives. With the consideration of the time sensitivity of customer utility, the quality markup and time-varying quality characteristic of dairy products and the revenue management of producers are combined.Two incentive mechanisms, the "wholesale price + revenue sharing" contract and the "revenue sharing + quality input cost sharing" contract, are designed to stimulate the main enterprises in the dairy supply chain to increase the input in product quality.The research results are as follows:(1) the "wholesale price + revenue sharing" contract has limited incentive effect on the quality input of processing enterprises, while the "revenue sharing + quality input cost sharing" contract can achieve effective coordination between suppliers and sellers, and yield more social benefits within a certain range of parameters.(2) The initial quality of milk is affected by the time of quality bonus. The earlier the quality is invested, the greater the quality bonus, and the slower the impact of time on the quality.(3) Quality time-varying index exerts influence on market demand through indirect conduction;the product category has more obvious supports for profit than consumer preferences.