积极、消极和矛盾:公众对5G基站部署的态度与邻避倾向

Positive, Negative, and Ambivalent: Public Attitudes toward 5G Base Station Deployment and Their NIMBY Intention

我国在5G基站部署的国际竞争中具有显著优势,但也可能面临较高的社会成本。公众对5G等新兴技术的态度呈现出除了积极和消极之外的复杂维度,公众的态度也影响着他们对5G基站部署的邻避倾向。文章以上海市为例,对987份调查问卷的数据进行聚类分析和回归分析发现:(1)公众对5G基站部署持有三类态度:积极(31.81%)、消极(26.24%)和矛盾(41.95%)。(2)相比于积极态度,消极态度和矛盾态度受到了公众对5G基站风险的关注程度和不确定性的影响。此外,公众前瞻倾向越强,越可能产生矛盾态度,反之则越可能产生消极态度。(3)相比于积极态度,消极态度和矛盾态度更可能产生邻避倾向,公众对邻避的空间感知高于时间感知。文章研究在理论上检验了我国公众对新兴技术的态度类型,为将来5G基站部署工作的风险沟通提供了政策启示。

China has significant advantages in the international competition for 5G base station deployment, but it may also face high social costs. Public attitudes toward emerging technologies such as 5G present more complex dimensions in addition to the positive and negative attitudes. Different public attitudes also affect their intention to avoid the deployment of 5G base stations which is regarded NIMBY intention in this study. Taking Shanghai, the city with the largest number of 5G base stations, as an example, this study conducts cluster analysis and regression analysis on 987 questionnaires and finds that:(1) The public has three types of attitudes toward 5G base station deployment, which are respectively positive(31.81%), negative(26.24%) and ambivalent(41.95%).(2) Compared with the positive attitude, negative and ambivalent attitudes are affected by people’s degree of concern and uncertainty about the risks of 5G base stations. In addition, the stronger the public’s forward-looking tendency, the more likely it is to produce ambivalent attitude;otherwise, the more likely it is to produce negative attitude.(3) Comparison with the positive attitude, negative and ambivalent attitudes are more likely to result in people’s NIMBY intention. Furthermore, their spatial perception of NIMBY is higher than that of time. The results theoretically show the Chinese public’s attitudes toward emerging technologies, and provide policy implications for risk communication in the future deployment of 5G base stations.