停产停业措施的法律规制:缺陷反思、功能导向与路径选择

Legal Regulation of Suspension Measures:Reflection on Defects,Function Orientation and Path Selection

作为一种行政规制手段,停产停业措施的运用事关从业者私益及社会公共利益关系的平衡。目前,停产停业措施的法律规制主要存在规制框架体系构建未能形成共识、规制程序零散、停产停业后续监管制度运行低效等问题。停产停业措施的法律规制应当体现三个方面的目标导向:一是体现违法隔离功能,从暂时搁置权利层面阻止违法行为复发;二是体现能力矫正功能,为从业者恢复从业能力提供缓冲空间;三是体现规制协同功能,为从业关联问题的系统性处理提供配套支撑。停产停业措施的法律规制需要构建停产停业申请审查批准、信息通报、停产停业期间动态监管、停产停业解除前从业能力评价、应急状态下停产停业决策评估论证、停产停业与终止从业衔接等配套机制作支撑。

As a regulatory measure,suspending production or business is related to the balance between practitioners’private interests and social public interests.At present,there are mainly some problems in the regulation framework system construction,such as the failure to form consensus,the scattered regulation procedures,and the low efficiency of the follow-up regulation system.The purposes of suspending production or business should be reflected in three aspects:first,as a mechanism to isolate illegal behaviors,to prevent the recurrence of illegal behavior through temporarily suspending rights;second,as a capacity correction mechanism,to provide buffer space for practitioners to restore business;third,as a regulatory coordination mechanism,to provide relevant support for the coordination of issues in industry.Systematic regulation of suspending production or business shall include the review and approval mechanism,the information notification mechanism,the dynamic supervision mechanism during the suspension period,evaluation of operation capacity before termination of suspension period,decision evaluation mechanism in emergency,and the mechanism of transition between suspension and termination.