老年急性冠脉综合征患者认知衰弱现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of cognitive frailty and its influencing factors in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome

目的调查老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者认知衰弱现状,并探讨其影响因素,为临床制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2020年6月—2021年2月北京市某三甲医院心内科病房242例老年ACS患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、Fried衰弱表型(FP)、简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、主观认知能力自测表(SCD-Q9)等对其进行调查。结果242例患者共有119例发生认知衰弱,认知衰弱发生率为49.2%。二项Logistic回归分析结果显示,日常生活能力低、存在营养风险及有跌倒史是老年ACS患者认知衰弱的危险因素(P<0.05);文化程度高是老年ACS患者认知衰弱的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论老年ACS患者认知衰弱发生率高,临床医务工作者应重视该人群认知衰弱的筛查,根据影响因素及早提供相应干预措施,从而降低认知衰弱的发生率。

Objective To investigate the status of cognitive frailty in elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),and to explore the influencing factors of it,so as to provide evidence for clinical intervention measures.Methods A total of 242 patients admitted with ACS in the Cardiology Department of a ClassⅢGrade A hospital in Beijing from June 2020 to February 2021 were enrolled in our study by convenience sampling method.General data questionnaire,Frailty Phenotype(FP),Mini-Mental State Exam(MMSE),Subjective Cognitive Decline-Questionnaire 9(SCD-Q9)were applied in the investigation.Results Cognitive weakness occurred in 119 of 242 patients,and the incidence of cognitive weakness was 49.2%.The results of binomial logistic regression analysis showed that low activities of daily living,nutritional risk,and a history of falls were risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly ACS patients(P<0.05);high education was a protective factor for cognitive decline in elderly ACS patients(P<0.05).Conclusions The incidence of cognitive frailty in elderly ACS patients is high.Clinical medical workers should pay attention to the screening of cognitive weakness in this population,and provide corresponding intervention measures as soon as possible according to influencing factors,so as to reduce the incidence of cognitive weakness.