陕西青木川国家级自然保护区脊椎动物物种多样性现状和保护成效

Vertebrate Richness and Conservation Effectiveness in Shaanxi Qingmuchuan National Nature Reserve

野生动物资源本底是自然保护区开展生物多样性有效管理的基础。为了掌握脊椎动物资源现状和评估保护成效,在2017和2018年,利用样线法和红外相机陷阱法等方法,对陕西青木川国家级自然保护区脊椎动物资源进行了实地调查,并采用专家打分法对该保护区保护成效进行赋值评估。结果表明:(1)青木川自然保护区现已记录野生脊椎动物342种,隶属5纲32目91科233属,其中,国家I级、II级重点保护野生动物分别为10种和41种;与2002年保护区建立初期相比,增加了4目9科46属83种,其中,鸟类物种数增加最多,达55种,两栖类仅增加1种。(2)青木川镇游客总量从2009年的5万余人次/年,发展到2017年的162万人次/年,保护区外围的旅游开发对该保护区脊椎动物及栖息地均有一定的潜在影响。(3)过去30年内土地利用模式变化明显,2001年未建立保护区时,该区域农业用地面积约占总面积的33%,建立保护区后至2018年,农业用地仅占保护区总面积的1%,使得区域内脊椎动物的栖息地面积显著增加。(4)保护区的保护成效显著,主要干扰因素发生变化,表现为保护区脊椎动物物种总数明显增加,栖息地适宜性和区域完整性显著增强,主要干扰因素类型已由早期的农林牧渔活动转变为现在的外围旅游开发。

The background of wildlife resources is the basis for effective management of biodiversity in nature reserves.In order to find out the latest situation of vertebrate resources in Qingmuchuan Nature Reserve and understand the protection effectiveness and main interference factors,we took field surveys from 2017 to 2018 by using the method of line transect and infrared camera trap.We also estimated the main threatening factors on wild vertebrates through analyzing the historical and social economic data,and evaluated the conservation effectiveness by using expert scoring method.We found that:(1)342 species of wild vertebrates have been recorded in Qingmuchuan Nature Reserve,belonging to 5 classes,32 orders,91 families and 233 genera(Table 1),including 10 species and 41 species of national first-class and second-class key protected animals respectively(Table 2).Compared with the initial establishment of the reserve in 2002,83 species,46 genera,9 families and 4 orders were added(Table 1).Among them,the number of bird species increased the most,up to 55 species;Only one species of amphibians was added(Table 1).(2)Tourism was the main economic activity in Qingmuchuan with the changes from 50000 tourists in 2009 to 1620000 tourists in 2017(Fig.1).The tourism development in the periphery of the reserve has a certain potential impact on vertebrates and habitats in the reserve.(3)The land use pattern has changed significantly in the past 30 years.When the reserve was not established in 2001,the agricultural land area in the region accounted for about 33%of the total area,and only 1%in 2018(Fig.2).(4)The main threatening factor to wild animals in the reserve has changed from agriculture and farming to the current peripheral tourism development during past 20 years(Table 3),and the evaluation analysis showed that the reserve is with higher score of conservation effectiveness(Table 4).