2019年安徽省焦岗湖国家湿地公园游憩资源经济价值评估

Economic Valuation of Recreational Resources in Jiaogang Lake National Wetland Park of Anhui Province in 2019

湿地公园是颇具优势的旅游景观资源,对其游憩资源进行科学评价,有助于促进湿地生态旅游的可持续发展。采用旅行费用方法(travel cost method,TCM)和条件价值方法(contingent valuation method,CVM),评估安徽省焦岗湖国家湿地公园的游憩资源价值。研究结果表明,在对游客同一出发地集中的区域性湿地公园游憩资源使用价值进行评估时,采用旅行费用区间分析(travel cost interval analysis,TCIA)和分区旅行费用模型(zonal travel cost model,ZTCM)相结合的评估方法,便于客源地分区比较,而且评估结果比较可靠,弥补了传统旅行费用法评估结果的缺陷;2019年,焦岗湖国家湿地公园游憩资源的使用价值为6.1499×10^(8)元,其中,游客的旅行直接费用为3.7345×10^(8)元,旅行时间成本为0.9270×10^(8)元,消费者剩余为1.4884×10^(8)元,旅行直接费用所占比例较大,该湿地公园对外省市游客的吸引力较小,其游客以本地和周边省市居民为主,由于对湿地公园的游憩资源缺乏足够的认识,游客在湿地公园中逗留的时间较短,旅游花费较低;2019年,焦岗湖国家湿地公园游憩资源的非使用价值为0.4626×10^(8)元,30.39%的受访游客对该湿地公园游憩资源的非使用价值零支付,其原因主要有“收费项目中应该包含保护费用”和“资金应该由国家支付”,说明游客对湖泊湿地保护的认知水平较低;受访游客的最大支付意愿与其对湿地公园游憩资源的了解程度、个人月收入、受教育程度显著正相关,因此,提高公众对湿地的了解程度,增强公众的湿地保护意识,可以促进湿地游憩资源非使用价值的增大。

Wetland Park are advantageous tourism landscape resource,and scientific evaluation of their recreational resources can help promote the sustainable development of wetland ecotourism.The travel cost method(TCM)and contingent valuation method(CVM)were used to evaluate the value of recreational resources in Jiaogang Lake National Wetland Park,Anhui province.The results of the study showed that the combination of travel cost interval analysis(TCIA)and zonal travel cost model(ZTCM)was convenient for assessing the use value of regional wetland parks where tourists were concentrated in the same departure place.The zonal comparison of the sources of tourists,and the assessment results are more reliable,which makes up for the shortcomings of the assessment results of traditional travel cost method.In 2019,the use value of recreation resources in Jiaogang Lake National Wetland Park was 6.1499×10^(8) yuan,of which,the direct travel cost of tourists was 3.7345×10^(8) yuan,the travel time cost was 0.9270×10^(8) yuan,and the consumer surplus was 1.4884×10^(8) yuan,the proportion of travel direct costs was larger,the wetland park was less attractive to tourists from foreign provinces and cities,its visitors were mainly local residents and neighboring provinces and cities,due to the lack of sufficient knowledge about the recreational resources of the wetland park.The time tourists stayed in the wetland park was shorter,and the travel costs were lower.In 2019,the non-use value of recreation resources in Jiaogang Lake National Wetland Park was 0.4626×10^(8) yuan,30.39% of the surveyed tourists pay zero for the non-use value of recreation resources in the wetland park.The reasons for which were mainly"The protection cost should be included in the fee items"and"The funds should be paid by the state",indicating that the tourists’protection of the lake wetland.The maximum willingness to pay of the interviewed tourists was significantly and positively related to their knowledge of wetland park recreation resources,personal monthly income and education level.Therefore,improving the public’s knowledge of wetlands and enhancing public awareness of wetland protection could promote the increase of non-use value of wetland recreation resources.