中华绒螯蟹幼蟹蜕壳时养殖池塘水体中浮游动物群落的结构特征

Structural Feature of Zooplankton Community in Aquaculture Ponds during Molt of Juvenile Eriocheir sinensis

2018年5~10月,研究了上海市松江区中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)幼蟹蜕壳时养殖池塘及其水源水体中的浮游动物群落的结构特征,探讨了浮游动物物种与水体理化指标的关系,旨在了解中华绒螯蟹幼蟹蜕壳时养殖池塘水体中浮游动物群落的结构和水体的质量状况,以促进河蟹生态养殖的可持续发展。研究结果表明,幼蟹蜕壳时中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘水体中的浮游动物群落由25种轮虫、20种枝角类和15种桡足类构成,其中有15种优势种;养殖池塘水体中浮游动物的平均密度为216.5~1677.5 ind./L,平均生物量为7.416~42.771 mg/L;水源水体中浮游动物的平均密度和生物量分别为120~1122 ind./L和3.530~31.354 mg/L;养殖池塘水体中浮游动物群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数分别为3.040~4.100、0.708~0.859和2.615~5.192,水源水体的分别为3.223~4.195、0.734~0.926和3.119~5.282;水体中的氨氮含量、电导率、溶解氧含量、亚硝酸态氮含量和高锰酸盐指数是影响浮游动物物种分布的主要因素;在当前养殖模式下,幼蟹蜕壳时中华绒螯蟹养殖池塘及其水源水体都处在轻污染状态。

In order to evaluate the water quality of aquaculture ponds and their source water during molt of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis and to promote sustainable development of mitten crab farming,the present study investigated structural feature of zooplankton community in the aquaculture ponds and their source water at the Songjiang District,Shanghai in May to October 2018.The relationships between zooplankton species and water environmental factors were studied,and pollution statuses of the aquaculture ponds and their source water were evaluated.The results showed that the zooplankton community in the aquaculture ponds consisted of 25 species of Rotifera,20 species of Cladocera,15 species of Copepoda,of which 15 species were dominant species.The densities and biomass of zooplankton were 216.5-1677.5 ind./L and 7.416-42.771 mg/L in the ponds,and 120-1122 ind./L and 3.530-31.354 mg/L in the source water.Shannon-wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index of zooplankton community in the ponds were 3.040-4.100,0.708-0.859 and 2.615-5.192,and 3.223-4.195,0.734-0.926,3.119-5.282 in the source water.The contents of ammonia nitrogen,conductivity,dissolved oxygen,nitrite nitrogen and permanganate index were also important factors that affected structure of zooplankton community.The water bodies of the ponds and their source water were in light pollution states under the current culture model.