野外火灾所致的泥炭地碳损失研究进展

Advance in Carbon Loss of Peatlands Caused by Wildfire

泥炭地具有巨大的碳储量,在厌氧条件下,泥炭地的土壤环境很稳定,而野外火灾是影响泥炭地碳储量的重要因素。综述了泥炭地野外火灾的类型和野外火灾后泥炭地的碳损失;总结了野外火灾及其产物(热解碳和灰分)对泥炭地土壤结构、土壤微生物和植物恢复的影响;在此基础上,讨论了野外火灾造成的泥炭地的直接碳损失和火灾后碳储量的恢复;展望了未来的相关研究重点。

Peatlands store vast amounts of organic carbon,which has a stable soil environment under anaerobic conditions,this is attributed to low decomposition rates as a result of waterlogging,low p H,and high levels of phenolic substances.Wildfire is an important factor affecting peatland carbon stocks,high frequency wildfires in peatlands may alter long-term equilibria between fire-induced CO;emissions and carbon uptake by vegetation,potentially leading to increased total carbon emissions,and reduced ecosystem carbon storage.Because of the severity and uncontrollability of wildfire,assessing peatland carbon loss from wildfire is an important component of the global carbon cycle.Wildfire directly causes the loss of soil carbon,the product pyrogenic organic(PyC)and ash of fire also have a potential impact on the carbon pool.Pyrogenic carbon produced by wildfire could be considered as long-term carbon storage that can compensate to some extent for the loss of combustion carbon and participate in soil carbon cycling processes.Hence,the indirect effects of wildfire products on the peatland carbon cycle are of great importance and could provide a guide to humans in the future.In this paper,the types of wildfires in peatlands and the carbon losses of peatlands after wildfires were reviewed.Based on the review,the effects of wildfire fires and their products on soil structure,soil microorganisms,and plant recovery in peatlands,and the direct carbon losses in peatlands caused by wildfires,and the recovery of carbon stocks after wildfires were summarized.Based on the existed questions,some suggestions about how to research a wildfire in peatlands in the future were proposed.