历史书写中前朝年号后置现象谫论——以《汉书叙例》“魏建安中”为切入点

Historiographical Postposition of Reign Title:The Case of Narrative Rules of Book of Han

颜师古《汉书叙例》中"魏建安"之类的"错误"表述,在史料中并不罕见,如"魏延康""晋咸熙""宋义熙"等,皆是将旧王朝年号系于新王朝下。此种年号后置现象,虽与表层史实相悖,却与深层史实相合。后世国史书写中的起元前移,与前朝年号的后置,貌似张冠李戴,实则恰反映了古人对新旧王朝权力转移的认识,是一种特殊的历史书写方法。鉴于此,无论是文献的整理者还是史料的利用者,在面对此种现象时,都应该有意识地进行甄别。

The present paper contends that,on the surface,the postposition of reign title,that is,attaching a reign title of previous dynasty to that of new dynasty,contradicted the historical fact,but actually it profoundly accorded with what really took place in history.It sets forth this point by examining Narrative Rules of Book of Han authored by Yan Shigu,pointing out that this handling was a very special genre of Chinese historiography revealing how the ancient Chinese understood the dynastic change.