基于体认语言学的结构对称性研究

The Research of Symmetry Based on Embodied-Cognitive Linguistics

体认语言学强调语言的体认性,认为人们在对外部世界的互动体验(体)和认知加工(认)的基础上形成了语言。由于现实世界存在大量的对称(含平行)现象,人类据此形成了“对称性思维方式”,从而使得语言中出现了大量的对称现象,可使结构平衡、语义增强,产生音形义用的美感。汉语采用方块字,一字一音,还有平仄、音调、押韵等,书写整齐,极易在语言各层面上形成“对称”。学界常将其视为修辞现象,近来有人提出这也是一种语法手段,我们认为这也是一种体认机制,可视为汉语中除词序和虚词之外的第三大语法手段,还能统一解释汉语怪句,使语法理论更为简洁。

Embodied-Cognitive Linguistics emphasizes embodied cognitivity of language,adhering to the principle that language is formed on the basis of interactive experience of outside world(ti:embodiment)and cognitive processing(ren:cognition).Because of so much symmetry(including parallelism)in the real world,human being accordingly has formed“the thinking way of symmetry”,thus language appearing lots of symmetry,making its expressions equilibrating in structure,intensive in meaning,beautiful at sound,form,meaning and use levels.Chinese uses square characters,which can make the writing neat and orderly,and each character has one syllable with level and oblique tones,thus symmetry easily shaped at all levels of language.The academic circle usually calls a rhetorical method,and recently some scholars regard this as a grammatical device.It is also a embodied-cognitive strategy,which can be taken as the third grammatical device including the other two“word order”and“form word”.This can also be used to explain the strange sentences in Chinese,for the purpose of simplifying grammar theory.