中药来源多肽类活性成分治疗缺血性心脑血管疾病的研究进展

Research progress on Chinese medicinal material-derived active polypeptides against ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

缺血性心脑血管疾病包括缺血性心脏病和缺血性脑血管病,有着高发病率和高病死率,是威胁人类健康与生存的主要疾病之一。缺血性心脏病和缺血性脑血管病的共同病因是血管狭窄、粥样硬化及梗死造成的局部供血减少,而其复杂的病理过程涉及氧化应激、钙超载、炎症、凋亡、自噬等多种机制。因此相关药物的研发备受重视,其中蛋白类药物如重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)、尿激酶等作为主要溶栓用药,在临床药物治疗及介入治疗中展现了较好治疗效果和较好的社会经济效益。除了溶栓蛋白,多肽类药物因其生物活性强、靶向专一性、化学生物学多样性及毒副作用低等特点,也显示出独特的研发优势和潜力。中药具有多成分、多靶点治疗的特点,对病理机制复杂的缺血性心脑血管疾病同样展现出卓越的临床疗效,但目前对于相关的中药多肽类成分的研发尚在起步阶段。该文以作用机制与靶点为切入点,综述了近年多种中药来源的多肽类成分对缺血性心脑血管病活性的预防治疗活性,为中药多肽的深入研究提供支持,进一步为其临床开发与应用提供参考。

Ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases threatening human health and survival have high morbidity and mortality. The common cause of them is reduced blood supply caused by vascular stenosis, atherosclerosis, and infarction. However,the pathological processes of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are complex, involving oxidative stress, calcium overload, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy and other mechanisms. Protein drugs such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA) and urokinase have been proved with excellent therapeutic effects and huge economic and social benefits in the clinical treatment and interventional therapy. Among them, peptide drugs have shown unique advantages and potential prospects owing to their strong biological activity, high target specificity, biochemical diversity, and low toxicity. Chinese medicinal materials, characterized by multi-component and multi-target therapy, have also shown excellent clinical efficacy against ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the research and development of related peptides in Chinese medicinal materials is at the initial stage. Therefore, this paper reviewed the targets and action mechanisms of a variety of Chinese medicinal material-derived polypeptides with activities against ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, aiming to provide support for the in-depth research as well as the clinical development and application of these polypeptides.