多糖调节肠道微生态失调作用机制及其生物活性的研究进展

Research progress on intestinal microecology regulating mechanism and biological activities of polysaccharides

肠道微生态是人类体内重要的防御系统。肠道菌群是人体肠道中最核心的微生态系统,与机体整体功能之间存在着共生关系,具有强大的代谢活性维持着机体正常功能的运行,在机体内抵御各种病毒抗原的入侵而发挥着保护功能,失调的肠道微生态会引发各种疾病。多糖来源广泛且易于提取,毒副作用低,因其具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等多种生物活性而广受关注。研究表明多糖有调节肠道微生态失调的作用,该综述阐述了近年来多糖调节肠道微生态失调的作用机制,主要从多糖通过调节菌群的组成、改善菌群的代谢、修复肠道屏障3个方面进行总结。同时在作用机制的基础上阐述多糖基于肠道菌群所表现出抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗炎的生物活性。希望为今后研究多糖调节肠道微生态的作用机制和多糖生物活性提供参考。

Intestinal microecology is an important defense system in the human body. The intestinal flora is the core micro-ecosystem in the human intestine. It has a symbiotic relationship with the overall functions of the body. It has strong metabolic activity to maintain the normal functioning of the body and resist the invasion of various viral antigens in the body. Playing a protective function,the imbalanced intestinal microecology can cause various diseases. Polysaccharides can be extracted from a wide range of sources and have low toxicity and side effects. They have attracted wide attention because of their anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and other biological activities. Studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides can regulate intestinal microecological disorders. According to the studies in recent years, this review summarizes that polysaccharides mainly modulate intestinal microecological disorders through regulating the composition of intestinal flora, improving the metabolism of the flora, and repairing the intestinal tract barrier. On the basis of these mechanisms of action, this paper elaborates the anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides. This paper can provide reference for the future research on the intestinal microecology-regulating mechanism and biological activities of polysaccharides.