基于指纹图谱和多成分定量分析的多花黄精质量评价研究

Quality evaluation of Polygonatum cyrtonema based on HPLC fingerprint and multi-component quantitative analysis

多花黄精Polygonatum cyrtonema是中药材黄精的基原物种之一,为药食同源的常用中药材。通过建立多花黄精的HPLC指纹图谱,对全国主产区6个省共25批不同种源的多花黄精进行分析。结果表明,标定的14个共有峰,指纹图谱相似度为0.939~0.999;经偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA),除JX-1的样品外,其他24批样品区分程度不明显,大部分成分与经度、纬度和海拔等环境因子没有显著的相关性,说明药材黄精在自然分布区内化学成分特异性没有明显的规律,推测其变异更主要的可能是受产地小环境影响,这或许是黄精至今没有明确的道地产区记载的原因;而JX-1中5-羟甲基糠(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,HMF)、4′,5,7-三羟基-6,8-二甲基高异黄酮(4′,5,7-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethylhomoisoflavanone,HIF)等成分显著高于其他样品,总花序与根茎特别粗长,产量也特别高,预示研究黄精优良品种选育,对提高黄精质量与产量可能有巨大的潜力。指纹图谱分析指认了HMF、黄精碱A(polygonalline A,PA)和HIF 3个成分,其中HMF具有改善血液流变学、抗氧化和抗心肌缺血等作用;PA是黄精中一种吲哚嗪类生物碱,它具有潜在抗炎活性;HIF是一种高异黄酮类物质,高异黄酮类物质是黄精属植物的特征性成分,具有调节血糖、抗肿瘤等药理活性,建立其定量分析检测方法,可为黄精的质量评价方法的完善提供理论依据。

The medicinal and edible Polygonatum cyrtonema is one of the original species of Polygonati Rhizoma. In this study,HPLC fingerprints for 25 batches of P. cyrtonema from 6 provinces were established. A total of 14 common peaks were identified and the similarities of the fingerprints were in the range of 0. 939-0. 999. In additon, the partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLSDA) demonstrated that the samples had low discriminability except for JX-1 and most components of them had no significant correlation with environmental factors such as longitude, latitude, and altitude. Thus, chemical composition specificity of P. cyrtonema in natural distribution areas had no obvious regularity and their variation might be induced by the local environment. This conclusion explained the lack of records about Dao-di area of Polygonati Rhizoma. However, JX-1 boasted significantly higher content of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) and 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-6,8-dimethylhomoisoflavone( HIF), thick and long inflorescence and rhizome, and extremely high yield. Therefore, excellent variety of P. cyrtonema might have great potential to improve the quality and yield of Polygonati Rhizoma. Moreover, three components of HMF, polygonalline A(PA), and HIF were identified in the fingerprint. Among them, HMF has the activities of blood rheology improvement, antioxidation, and anti-myocardial ischemia and PA is an indolizine alkaloid with potential anti-inflammatory activity. HIF, the characteristic homoisoflavone in Polygonatum, has the pharmacological activities of regulating blood glucose and anti-tumor. A quantitative analysis method can provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the quality evaluation of Polygonati Rhizoma.