系统性改革:未来威尔士基础教育的蓝图设计

Systematical Reform:Future Blueprint for Basic Education in Wales

2013年至2020年期间,威尔士政府为了全面提高中小学教育的质量,与OECD紧密合作,先后发布了多份教育改革文件,明确了威尔士教育改革的制度架构、课程设计、实施保障。在制度架构上,威尔士建立了利益相关者的系统协作模式,修改相关政策从而努力保持各个政策与改革总体目标的一致性,并充分考虑威尔士本地的语言和文化特点。在作为核心的课程改革设计中,威尔士厘清了课程改革的整体愿景,从六个学习领域整体设计课程内容,并完善课程改革的支持体系。在实施保障上,威尔士努力通过多种手段确保教育公平,协调改革所需要的资源并妥善制定改革进程。透析其改革设计,我们可以看到威尔士此次教育改革注重处理好三个维度的关系:改革重点与配套政策的关系、改革开放性与本土性的关系、改革中"废旧"与"立新"的关系。从总体特点来看,威尔士此次教育改革不仅是改革某一项内容,更是从系统性教育改革的视角,以课程教学改革、学校管理改革为切入点,对现有教育系统兴利剔弊,为未来的威尔士教育描绘蓝图,体现出系统性教育改革的特征。

Since 2015,in order to comprehensively improve the quality of primary and secondary education,the Welsh government has worked closely with OECD and has successively issued a number of education reform documents,clarifying the institutional structure,objectives and contents,and implementation guarantees of the Welsh education reform.In the institutional framework,Wales has established a system of stakeholder,striving to maintain the consistency among various education policies and reform goals,and taking full account of the local languages and cultural characteristics of Wales.In the design of curriculum reform as the core,Wales clarifies the overall vision of curriculum reform,designs the curriculum content from six learning areas,and improves the supporting system of curriculum reform.In terms of implementation guarantee,Wales strives to ensure educational equity through various ways,coordinate the resources required for reform and properly formulate the reform process.By analyzing its reform design,we can see that Wales’s education reform focuses on dealing with the relationship between three dimensions:the relationship between reform focus and supporting policies,the relationship between reform openness and localization,and the relationship between"abolishment"and"innovation"in the reform.Based on the overall characteristics,the Welsh education reform is not only reforming a certain content,but also from the perspective of systematical education reform,taking curriculum and teaching reforms and school management reforms as the starting point to eliminate the disadvantages of the existing education system,reflecting the characteristics of systematical education reform.