促公平提质量:新西兰学前教育财政投入体系及启示

Promoting Equity,Improving Quality:Financial Funding System for Early Childhood Education in New Zealand and Its Implications

为促进学前教育公平和高质量发展,新西兰建立了包括学前教育补助金、"20小时"学前教育财政经费、公平财政经费等在内的学前教育财政投入体系,不同财政投入类型各有侧重且互为补充。同时,对财政经费的预算、下拨、监管等运行机制进行了科学设计和严格把控,整个财政投入体系呈现出以下特征,一是将满足基本许可标准的多种形式学前教育服务纳入投入范畴;二是对各类处境不利儿童提供倾斜性财政投入以促进公平;三是设定基于平均成本的差异化投入标准以激励质量;四是加强财政经费监管以保障和提升经费使用效益。我国应紧紧围绕促公平和提质量改革完善现有学前教育财政投入体系,设置多元化的学前教育机构准入标准,对达到准入标准且提供普惠性服务的学前教育机构均予以投入;加强学前教育阶段的倾斜性投入,既应推动倾斜性投入制度的长效化和标准化,也应通过科学测算偏远程度和接受弱势儿童的数量等对在偏远地区举办和接受弱势群体的学前教育机构实施差异化补偿;打破公民办"双轨制"投入的桎梏,科学测算不同类型、不同质量学前教育机构的办学成本,根据平均办学成本设置政府财政投入的占比及相应的投入标准;健全对获得政府财政投入的学前教育机构的监管体系,通过建立信息数据库、完善经费使用披露制度和加强管理力量等实现全面质量管理和绩效评估。

In order to promote fair and high-quality development of early childhood education,New Zealand has established a financial funding system,including early childhood education funding subsidy,20 hours early childhood education funding,equity funding,etc..Different types of financial funding focus around different emphasis and be complementary to each other.At the same time,the budget,allocation,supervision and other operation mechanisms of financial funds are scientifically designed and strictly regulated.The whole financial funding system shows the following characteristics.Firstly,various forms of early childhood education services that meet the basic licensing standards are included in the funding category.Secondly,provide preferential financial funding for all kinds of disadvantaged children to promote equity.Thirdly,set differentiated input standard based on average cost to stimulate quality.Fourthly,strengthen the supervision of financial funds to ensure and improve the efficiency of the use of funds.China should focus on the reform of promoting equity and improving quality,improve the existing financial funding system,set diversified access standards for institutions,and fund early childhood education institutions that meet the access standards and provide inclusive services.To strengthen the inclined investment in early childhood education,not only should we promote the long-term and standardization of the inclined investment system,but also implement differentiated compensation for early childhood education institutions that hold and accept vulnerable groups in remote areas through scientific calculation of the degree of remoteness and the number of vulnerable children;break the shackles of the“two track system”investment of citizens,scientifically calculate the running costs of different types and different quality early childhood education institutions,and set the proportion of government financial investment and corresponding investment standards according to the average running costs;improve the supervision system of early childhood education institutions that have received government financial funding,and realize total quality management and performance evaluation by establishing information database,improving fund use disclosure system and strengthening management force.