彝语北部方言元音声学特征及其相关技术研究

Study on vowel acoustic characteristics of northern Yi dialect and related technologies

以彝语北部方言元音为研究对象,运用语音实验学的研究方法对彝语北部方言元音进行物理信号采集,并对其进行声学特征分析.研究中使用MATLAB、Praat和AS等软件对语音信号进行处理,研究结果表明:认为由于发音器官声带的是否紧张,紧张程度的大小,口腔和咽腔共鸣的大小,舌的运动部位的前后、高低等等的不同,致使松紧元音的出现.松元音在发音的时候喉头肌肉的紧张程度没有紧元音明显,舌根比较靠后甚至靠近声道后壁,反之紧元音发音时肌肉紧张,舌根比较靠前.舌位高低与元音松紧有一定的联系,舌位前后与元音松紧也有一定的联系.

This study took the vowels of northern Yi dialect as the research object,used the research method of phonetic experiment to collect the physical signals of the vowels of northern Yi dialect,and analyzed their acoustic characteristics.Such softwares as MATLAB,Praat and AS were used to process the speech signal.The results showed that the elastic vowels appeared due to the tension of vocal cords,the degree of tension,the resonance between oral cavity and pharyngeal cavity,the front,back and height of the moving parts of the tongue,and so on.The tension of throat muscle was not obvious when pronouncing loosed vowels,and the root of tongue was relatively backward or even close to the back wall of vocal tract.On the contrary,the muscle was tense when pronouncing tight vowels,and the root of tongue was relatively forward.The height of tongue position was related to the tightness of vowels,and the front and back of tongue position was also related to the tightness of vowels.