20世纪以来发达国家高中阶段普职融合政策变迁:历程、特征及启示

The Policy Changes of the Integration of General and Vocational Education in High Schools in Developed Countries Since the 20th Century:Changes,Characteristics and Enlightenments

20世纪以来发达国家将促进高中阶段普职融合作为共同的教育战略目标。根据不同时期政策内容的侧重点,可以将发达国家高中普职融合政策变迁划分为萌芽阶段、初步融合阶段、深度融合阶段三个时期。其突出体现为关注科技发展,构建以关键职业技能为基石;关注学生发展,构建以学术基础教育为核心;关注社会公平,构建具有普适性的高中普职融合政策体系三大特征。发达国家高中普职融合的发展历程与特征对我国的启示是:搭建高中普职之间的“立交桥”以促进普职等值融通,深化高中课程的整合以促进普职融合,细化高中普职融合政策的实施方案。

Since the 20th century,developed countries have taken the integration of general and vocational education in senior high school as a common educational strategic goal.According to the focus of policy content in different periods,the policy change of the integration of general and vocational high schools in developed countries can be divided into three periods:embryonic stage,preliminary integration stage and deep integration stage.It is prominently reflected in:paying attention to the development of science and technology and building key vocational skills as the cornerstone;paying attention to students􀆳growth and building academic basic education as the core;paying attention to social equity and building a universal integration policy system for general vocational high schools.By combing the development process and characteristics of the integration of general and vocational education in senior high schools in developed countries,the enlightenment to China is to build an“overpass”between general and vocational education to promote the equal integration of general and vocational education;and constantly deepen the integration of general and vocational courses;the implementation plan of general vocational integration shall be formulated.