徐复观大学教育思想详述

A Review of Xu Fuguan′s Thoughts on University Education

新儒学大师徐复观不仅在大学教育上成就斐然,而且有丰富的大学教育理论。他认为大学教育是“铸人”过程的完成阶段,其意义是铸造近于理想的人以提高社会的水准,从而促进社会的进步。大学阶段的教育任务有两端:一是培养学生道德品格,以儒家的忠恕礼乐精神来培植大学生的品格,进而形成忠恕礼乐的中国社会;二是锤炼学生思考能力,发现其研究兴趣。为了保障学生能发现自己的兴趣,徐复观坚持认为大学生应全面学习,而不可武断地排斥某些课程,阻断自己的学术生命。徐氏认识到“教师才是人的实验室的成功或失败的决定者”,所以他认为大学教师既要在学术上进动不息,也要在道德上养成修美的人格。徐氏认为中文系关乎整个民族的教养与进步,有必要加入义理之学的课程来唤醒学生的灵魂。大学生还需要彻底弄通一种外语,不仅有阅读外国著作的能力,而且能不断与时代有关的思想保持接触。大学毕业后,走向社会的学子要负担起自己命运的责任,并须将学习贯通到以后的人生中,贡献于人类的发展。徐复观的教育思想打通了个人本位论与社会本位论的疆畛,形成了以儒家道德为基调,以个人社会双成为特点的教育思想。

Xu Fuguan,a master of Neo-Confucianism,has not only made a lot of achievements in university education,but also enriched a wealth of university education theories.He believes that university education is the process of“educating people”,and its significance is to educate people to become an ideal one and to promote the standard of society and social progress.There are two aspects of the university educational mission.One is to cultivate the moral personality among college students,cultivate the character of university students with the spirit of Confucian loyalty,forgiveness,rites and music,and form a Chinese society of loyalty,forgiveness,rites and music.The other is to cultivate student’thinking capacity and discover their research interests.To ensure that students can find their interests,Xu Fuguan insists that college students should study the curriculum comprehensively,and must not reject certain courses arbitrarily,even block their academic life.Xu recognizes that teachers are the determinants of the success or failure of human laboratories.Therefore,he believes that university teachers must not only continue to be academically enterprising,but also develop a good personality.Xu thinks that the department of Chinese language and literature is connected with the whole nation’s education and progress.Therefore,it is necessary to join the course of“academic learning of righteousness and reason”to awaken the soul of students.Besides,Xu thinks university students should master a foreign language to read foreign works and keep in touch with the updated thoughts.He has a high expectation on university graduates and appeals them to perform their duties in this society,make study serve the practical purpose,and devote themselves to the development of human beings.Xu Fuguan’s thoughts on education have broken the boundary between individual and social standards,and formed educational ideas based on Confucian morals and characterized by individual and society.