289例抗菌药物不良反应报告

Report of 289 Cases of Adverse Reactions of Antibacterial Drugs

目的分析抗菌药物药品不良反应(ADR)的发生特点与规律,为临床合理、安全使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法抽取珠海市中西医结合医院2017年1月至2019年12月年上报至国家药品不良反应监测中心的抗菌药物ADR289例,对患者性别、年龄、给药途径、药品种类、ADR累及系统/器官及临床表现等数据进行统计分析。结果 289例抗菌药物ADR中,男119例(41.18%),女170例(58.82%);15~44岁年龄段例次最多,123例(42.56%)。静脉给药为引发ADR的主要给药途径,247例(85.47%)。头孢菌素为引发ADR最多的抗菌药物种类,126例(43.60%);注射用头孢曲松钠为引发ADR最多的品种,70例(24.22%)。皮肤及其附件损害为ADR最常见累及器官/系统,在所有临床表现中占比64.14%,皮疹为最常见症状。结论抗菌药物ADR的发生与多种因素相关,医院应进一步加强抗菌药物的管理,重点关注特殊人群、头孢菌素品种和静脉给药途经的合理使用与用药监护,预防和减少抗菌药物ADR发生,保障公众用药安全。

Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reactions(ADR) of antimicrobial drugs,and to provide references for rational and safe use of antimicrobial drugs in clinical practice.Methods A total of 289 cases of antibacterial ADRs,reported to the National Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Center by Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine from January 2017 to December 2019,were selected to statistically analyzed,including patient gender,age,route of administration,drug type,ADR involvement system/organ,clinical manifestation and other data.Results Among the 289 antibacterial ADRs,119 cases(41.18%) were male,170 cases(58.82%) were female,and the most cases occurred in the 15-44 years old age group,123 cases(42.56%).Intravenous administration was the main way to induce ADR,247 cases(85.47%).Cephalosporin was the antibacterial drug type that caused the most ADR,126 cases(43.60%),and ceftriaxone sodium for injection was the variety that caused the most ADR,70 cases(24.22%).Skin and accessories were the most common organs/systems involved in ADR,accounting for 64.14% of all clinical manifestations,and rash was the most common symptom.Conclusion The occurrence of antibacterial drug ADR is related to many factors,so hospitals should further strengthen the management of antibacterial drugs,place emphasis on the rational use and medication monitoring of special populations,cephalosporin varieties and intravenous administration routes,prevent and reduce the occurrence of antibacterial drug ADR,and ensure the safety of public medication.