雷竹与慈竹凋落物持水性比较研究

Comparative Study on Water Holding Capacity of Phyllostachys praecox and Neosinocalamus affinis Litter

为了解雷竹林凋落物的持水性特征,采用室内浸水法对2种主要人工竹林下凋落物(未分解层、分解层)的持水特性进行了研究。研究结果表明:慈竹未分解层最大持水量为5455.76 g·kg–1、最大持水速率为701.99%、最大吸水速率为9679.98 g·(kg·h)^(−1);慈竹分解层最大持水量为5720.91 g·kg^(−1)、最大持水速率为715.99%、最大吸水速率为11372.6 g·(kg·h)^(−1);雷竹未分解层最大持水量为4281.82 g·kg^(−1)、最大持水速率为510.00%、最大吸水速率为7464.16 g·(kg·h)^(−1);雷竹分解层最大持水量为6970.35 g·kg^(−1)、最大持水速率为900.07%、最大吸水速率为10980.26 g·(kg·h)^(−1)。分析可以得出:雷竹分解层持水量、持水速率、吸水速率>慈竹分解层>慈竹未分解层>雷竹未分解层,可以看出,凋落物分解层经土壤动物、土壤微生物等分解者分解后,比未分解层具有更强的持水能力和吸水速率,人工竹林下凋落物层是竹林涵养水源,保持水分,阻延地表径流、防止水土流失的重要结构层。雷竹凋落物经分解后比慈竹凋落物具有更好的水文效应。

To investigate the water holding capacities of Phyllostachys praecox litter,the water holding characteristics of litter(undecomposed layer and decomposed layer)under two main bamboo plantations were studied by indoor soaking method.The results showed that the maximum water holding capacity,maximum moisture rate and maximum water absorption rate of Neosinocalamus affinis undecomposed layer were 5455.76 g·kg^(−1),701.99%and 9679.98 g·kg^(−1),respectively.Those of Neosinocalamus affinis decomposition layer were 5720.91 g·kg^(−1),715.99%and 11372.6 g·kg^(−1),respectively.Those of Phyllostachys praecox undecomposed layer were 4281.82 g·kg^(−1),510.00%and 7464.16 g·kg^(−1),respectively.Those of Phyllostachys praecox decomposition layer were 6970.35 g·kg^(−1),900.07%and 10980.26 g/kg,respectively.The analysis showed that the maximum water holding capacity,maximum moisture rate and maximum water absorption rate of Phyllostachys praecox decomposition layer>those of Neosinocalamus affinis decomposition layer>those of Neosinocalamus affinis undecomposed layer>those of Phyllostachys praecox undecomposed layer.It could be concluded that litter decomposition layer whichwas decomposed by soil animals,soil microbe,and other decomposers had stronger water holding capacity and water absorption rate than undecomposed layer.The litter layer under bamboo plantation was an important structure layer for water holding,water conservation,overland flow retardation and preventing soil erosion.After decomposition,the litter of Phyllostachys praecoxhad better hydrological effect than that of Neosinocalamus affinis litter.