保水剂和生物表面活性剂配制屋顶绿化轻型基质的探究

Study on light-weight substrate for roof greening with aquasorb and biosurfactant

【目的】以珍珠岩为基质骨料,保水剂(A)、生物表面活性剂(B)和缓释肥为添加剂,结合植物生长指标,筛选最优屋顶绿化专用基质。【方法】在施加30 g·kg^(-1)缓释肥条件下,分析不同质量分数(0、0.5、1.0 g·kg^(-1))保水剂(处理号分别为A0、A0.5、A1.0)]和不同施用水平(0、100、200 mL·kg^(-1))质量分数为2%生物表面活性剂(处理号分别为B0、B100、B200)对珍珠岩理化性质改良效果。通过矩阵法选择2组高评分基质开展栽培试验,利用隶属函数分析栽培植物金叶莸Caryopteris clandonensis ‘Worcester Gold’和马蔺Iris lactea的生长指标,筛选最优配比基质。【结果】保水剂和生物表面活性剂对基质理化性质和植物生长指标影响显著(P<0.05)。与对照(A0B0)相比,A1.0B200的容重显著降低17.11%,毛管孔隙度和田间持水量显著提高10.82%和55.55%,全氮、有效磷和速效钾质量分数分别显著提高14.78%、44.36%和25.28%;A1.0B200栽培的金叶莸和马蔺的株高、根长以及地上部和根部鲜质量均显著大于对照,隶属函数综合评价系数最高。【结论】保水剂和生物表面活性剂可以改善珍珠岩基质的水气比,提高基质的供肥和保肥能力;与A1.0B100相比,A1.0B200基质更优。图2表5参39。

[Objective] The purpose of this research is to screen the optimal specific substrate for roof greening by taking perlite as matrix aggregate, aquasorb(A), biosurfactant(B) and slow-release fertilizer as additives,combined with plant growth indexes. [Method] Based on the analysis of effects of aquasorb [0(A0), 0.5(A0.5),1.0(A1.0) g·kg^(-1)] and 2% biosurfactant [0(B0), 100(B100), 200(B200) mL·kg^(-1)] on physicochemical properties of perlite under the condition of slow-release fertilizer(30 g·kg^(-1)), two groups of high scoring substrates were chosen by matrix methods for cultivation experiment, and the growth indexes of Caryopteris clandonensis‘Worcester Gold’ and Iris lactea were analyzed by membership function to determine the optimal substrate.[Result] The aquasorb and biosurfactant had significant effects on the physicochemical properties of the substrates and plant growth indicators of the cultivated plants(P<0.05). Compared with the control(aquasorb0 g·kg^(-1) and 2% biosurfactant 0 mL·kg^(-1)), the bulk density of A1.0 B200(aquasorb 1.0 g·kg^(-1) and 2%biosurfactant 200 mL·kg^(-1)) decreased by 17.11%, capillary porosity and field capacity increased by 10.82% and 55.55%, the mass fraction of total nitrogen, available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium increased by 14.78%, 44.36% and 25.28%, respectively. The plant height, root length, shoot and root fresh weight of A1.0 B200(aquasorb 1.0 g·kg^(-1), 2% biosurfactant 200 mL·kg^(-1)) were significantly higher than those of the control,and the comprehensive evaluation coefficient of membership function was the highest. [Conclusion] Aquasorb and biosurfactant can improve the water-gas ratio of perlite substrate and improve the ability of fertilizer supply and conservation. Compared with A1.0 B100, A1.0 B200 is superior. [Ch, 2 fig. 5 tab. 39 ref.]