有机肥部分替代化肥对露地茄生长及品质的影响

Effects of partial substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on growth and quality of Solanum melongena in open field

【目的】探讨有机肥替代化肥在茄Solanum melongena生产中的作用。【方法】以单施化肥为对照(ck),设置有机肥替代基肥中50%化肥氮(T_(1))和有机肥替代基肥中100%化肥氮(T_(2))2个处理,测定分析不同处理对露地茄产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响。【结果】相比ck,处理组土壤pH显著升高(P<0.05),土壤速效钾、有机质、微生物碳氮质量分数均显著增加(P<0.05);单果质量和单株结果数均显著提高(P<0.05),产量增加了13.8%~22.3%,其中T_(1)产量最大,为70099.5 kg·hm^(-2);处理组茄果皮花青素质量分数显著增加(P<0.05),茄外表皮紫红颜色更深;果实中镁和硫质量分数显著增加(P<0.05),可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和维生素C质量分数和氨基酸质量摩尔浓度均有不同程度提高,其中T_(1)综合效果更优。【结论】选择有机肥替代基肥中50%的化肥可以有效地提高露地茄产量,改良品质,并改善土壤肥力。表9参40。

[Objective] This study aims to explore the effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer in the production of Solanum melongena. [Method] Taking chemical fertilizer as control(ck),50% substitution of base nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T_(1)) and 100% substitution of base nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer(T_(2)) were set up as two treatments. The effects of different treatments on S.melongena yield, quality and soil fertility were studied in open field. [Result] Compared with ck, soil pH,soil available potassium, organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content increased significantly in both treatments(P<0.05). The fruit weight and fruit number per plant increased significantly(P<0.05),which led to the increase in yield by 13.8%-22.3%, and the yield of T_(1) was highest, which was 70 099.5 kg·hm^(-2).The anthocyanin mass fraction of S.melongena pericarp increased significantly in both treatments(P<0.05), and thus deepened the fruit color. The mass fraction of magnesium and sulfur in fruits increased significantly(P<0.05), and that of soluble sugars, soluble protein and vitamin C and the molar concentration of amino acid increased in varying degrees, and the comprehensive effect of T_(1) was better. [Conclusion] Replacing 50% of the base fertilizer with organic fertilizer can effectively improve S. melongena yield, quality and soil fertility. [Ch, 9 tab. 40 ref.] 。