论古典诗词中的“反写法”

A Discussion on the“Retrography”in Classical Poems

“反写法”是中国古典诗词写作技巧中的一种,它包括反说、反衬、反面落笔三种情况。究其实质,“反说”强调的是诗句本身内涵的反转,即在一定的语境下,诗句的实际意义与表面意义相反。“反衬”强调的是事物特征的反转,即利用客体特征与主体特征巨大的差异性,从反面衬托主要形象。“反面落笔”强调的则是时空的反转,通过写看不见的对面情形,暗示出自己对对方的态度。这三点共同构成了古典诗词中“反写法”的科学内涵。

“Retrography”is one of the Chinese classical poem writing skills.It includes reversed describing,reflection and negative writing.As a matter of fact,what“reversed describing”emphasizes is the reversed poem connotation,i.e.,have completely different practical meaning and surface meaning of the poem in a certain context.“Reflection”emphasizes the different characteristics,which means to reflect the major image through the great difference between the subject characteristics and object characteristics.“Reversed writing”focuses on the reversed time and space,which means to imply the attitude of the writer to the other party through writing the invisible object.These three points jointly constitute the scientific connotation of the“retrography”in classical poems.