网络结构视角下的中国电力系统生产效率研究

Research on Production Efficiency of China's Power Systems from the Perspective of Network Structure

电力系统在国家能源安全战略中占据重要地位,综合评估电力系统及其发电、输电、配电子部门生产效率对于社会经济高质量发展具有重要意义。采用网络数据包络分析方法(data envelopment analysis,DEA)模型对2014—2017年间中国电力系统生产效率进行分析。相比于传统DEA模型,网络DEA模型可通过上网电量、配电量等连接变量对系统内部联系进行建模并探索系统效率低下的内部因素。研究表明:中国电力系统生产效率区域差异性明显,新一轮电力体制改革对于电力系统的发展具有促进作用。外界环境的异质性导致区域电力系统各部门发展情况不同,生产绩效的提升应根据区域实际情况有所侧重。

Power systems play an important role in China’s energy security strategy.It is of great significance for high-quality social and economic development to comprehensively evaluate the production efficiency of power systems and their divisions in power generation,transmission,and distribution.This article adopts the data envelopment analysis(DEA)method to analyze the production efficiency of China’s power systems from 2014 to 2017.Compared with traditional DEA models,the network DEA model employs the link variables such as the on-grid electricity and distributed electricity to model the internal connections of a power system and explore the internal factors of system inefficiency.The results show that obvious regional differences in the production efficiency exist among China’s power systems,and the new round of power system reform has promoted the power system development.The heterogeneous characteristics of the external environment lead to different development paths for power systems in various regions.The effects of the policies aiming to improve the production performance are heavily dependent on the actual situations and environment where the power system locates.