航天器大功率天线部件的微放电试验方法

Test methods of multipactor for high power spacecraft antennas

微放电效应是制约航天器系统功率容量的重要因素,为了精确获得微波产品的微放电性能,有必要提高微放电测试方法的性能。研究了不同天线馈源产品的微放电测试需求,提出了两种典型的辐射式微放电测试架构。这两种测试的典型构架分别为采用透波真空系统方式和采用非透波真空系统与大功率真空吸波箱相结合的实现方式。透波真空系统的微放电测试系统保证了真空测试环境,以常压环境大型吸波暗室作为功率吸收载体,保证了更高的功率吸收、更好的散热和驻波性能,适用于尺寸小的天线产品;非透波真空系统的微放电试验系统在常规的非透波真空罐中实现,不受透波真空系统尺寸限制,实现了大型天线的微放电测试。这两种微放电试验方法性能良好,覆盖了各种尺寸天线的微放电性能测试需求,顺利完成西安分院多型号天线微放电试验任务,包括国内首例大尺寸天线的微放电试验,获得了良好的效果,有力提升了我国航天器的设计研制和试验验证能力。

Multipactor is an important problem of high power microwave systems,which seriously affects the power capacity of spacecraft microwave system.To obtain accurate power capacity of spacecraft microwave products,high performance multipactor measurement is necessary.In this paper,multipactor test requirements for different antenna are researched,and two typical multipactor test configuration for antenna feeds is given,basing on permeable vacuum tank and non-permeable vacuum tank with high power vacuum anechoic chamber.In the multipactor test system of permeable vacuum tank,vacuum test environment is ensured,and atmospheric large microwave anechoic chamber is used to absorb high power in order to improve heat dissipation and obtain a better standing-wave ratio.The test method is used for small size antenna.In the multipactor test system of non-permeable vacuum tank,the size of antennas is unlimited and big-sized antenna tests are implemented.These test methods have been successfully used in practice(including the first big-sized antenna test),obtaining good results,which have greatly improved the design and development capability of spacecraft.