黄芪—葛根药对有效成分与药理作用研究进展

Research Progress on Active Components and Pharmacological Effects of Astragalus membranaceus-Radix Puerariae Couplet Medicines

黄芪—葛根药对出自《证治汇补》黄芪葛根汤,二者配伍后有效成分有总黄酮和总皂苷,葛根素为君有效成分。黄芪与葛根不同比例配伍对葛根素的煎出量有明显影响,无倍增关系,0∶1配比时最高,5∶1配比最低。芪葛配伍后协同增效作用可能与葛根素在体内的生物利用度、延长药物体内作用时间有关,且以3∶1比例配伍效果最佳,黄芪与葛根配伍降血糖无协同增效作用。黄芪注射液和葛根注射液联用抑制心肌细胞凋亡,减轻心脏纤维化,减轻内质网应激,有保护心肌作用;黄芪葛根有调节内外源性脂代谢紊乱,增加胰岛素抵抗小鼠的胰岛素敏感性的作用,总皂苷的降糖机制可能与IRS-2 mRNA表达有关;总黄酮与Gsk-3β、GLUT-4mRNA表达有关,2组分相伍后降糖作用未呈现叠加效应;黄芪葛根汤还可以降低血清胆固醇和三酰甘油水平,通过延缓和治疗肾间质纤维化来并保护肾脏;黄芪与葛根治疗阿尔茨海默病的作用效果与西药类相似;黄芪益气温阳,葛根抗血栓和缓解痉挛,对治疗脑梗死有疗效;黄芪葛根汤水提液以3∶1比例配伍保护胃黏膜的作用最佳;黄芪—葛根药对通过调节体内紊乱的免疫系统功能恢复正常而发挥作用来实现治疗老年性重症肌无力。此文对黄芪—葛根传统功效、单味中药成分与药理活性、药对配比对有效成分的影响以及药理活性和应用进行综述,为进一步研究黄芪-葛根药对提供依据。

Astragalus membranaceus-Radix Puerariae couplet medicines were extracted from Huangqi Gegen decoction of Zhengzhi Huibu.The effective components of the combination were total flavonoids and total saponins,and puerarin was the effective component of sovereign.The results showed that the compatibility of Radix Astragali and Radix Puerariae could promote the decocting amount of Puerarin obviously,and there was no doubling relationship.The ratio of 0∶1 was the highest,and the ratio of 5∶1 was the lowest.The synergistic effect of Radix Astragali and Radix Puerariae may be related to the bioavailability of Puerarin in vivo and prolonging the action time of the drug in vivo.The compatibility of Astragalus membranaceus and Radix Puerariae has no synergistic effect on hypoglycemia.Astragalus injection combined with Pueraria injection can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis,alleviate cardiac fibrosis,relieve endoplasmic reticulum stress,and protect myocardium;Huangqi Gegen decoction has the effect of regulating endogenous and exogenous lipid metabolism disorder and increasing insulin sensitivity of insulin resistant mice;the hypoglycemic mechanism of total saponins may be related to IRS-2 mRNA expression;total flavonoids and GSK-3β,GLUT-4 Huangqi Gegen decoction can also reduce serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels,and protect the kidney by delaying and treating renal interstitial fibrosis;the effect of Astragalus and Pueraria in treating Alzheimer’s disease is similar to that of Western medicine;Astragalus membranaceus and Puerariae root have similar effects on Alzheimer’s disease;Astragalus membranaceus can benefit qi and warm yang,Radix Puerariae has antithrombotic and spasmodic effects,and can treat cerebral infarction.Huangqi Gegen decoction has the best effect on protecting gastric mucosa in the ratio of 3∶1.Huangqi Gegen decoction can regulate the disorder of immune system function in the body to restore normal to achieve the treatment of senile myasthenia gravis.In this paper,the traditional efficacy of Astragalus puerariae,single Chinese medicine ingredients and pharmacological activities,the influence of drug pair ratio on the effective components,pharmacological activities and application were reviewed,in order to provide the basis for further study of Astragalus membranaceus-Radix Puerariae couplet medicines.