疟疾红前期减毒子孢子活疫苗的研究现状

The status of research on whole sporozoite vaccines for the pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium

疟疾是由疟原虫引起的一种蚊媒传染病,严重威胁人类健康及生命。面对蚊虫抗药和疟原虫耐药的现状,有效的疫苗将有助于控制和消除疟疾。但至今尚无有效并上市的疟疾疫苗,只有针对疟原虫红前期的子孢子活疫苗可以诱导有效的无虫保护性免疫,具有广阔的应用前景。本文聚焦疟原虫红前期子孢子活疫苗的研究现状,总结其在动物模型及临床试验研究中取得主要进展及面临的问题,并对红前期保护性免疫进行概述。

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Parasite resistance to frontline drugs and mosquito resistance to current insecticides threaten control programs, so an effective malaria vaccine will likely be needed to aid in malaria eradication. However, there is currently no effective malaria vaccine on the market, and only whole parasite preparations have been found to induce sterile immunity. This article reviews and discusses recent developments in vaccination with sporozoites and the mechanisms of protection involved.