中国冰雪旅游安全事故结构特征及引致因素

Structural Characteristics and Causative Factors of Safety Accidents in China’s Ice-Snow Tourism

冰雪旅游作为体育产业和旅游产业高度融合的产物,近年来已成长为新的消费热点,但频发的安全事故严重制约冰雪旅游产业的健康发展。以2010—2019年5568起冰雪旅行社责任险事故案例为基础,结合社会网络分析和列联表卡方分析等方法对中国冰雪旅游事故结构特征及引致因素进行分析。发现:(1)冰雪旅游安全事故类型具有多样化的分类结构,观光游览事故、交通安全事故、娱乐竞技事故、突发疾病事故和气象灾害事故等是冰雪旅游安全事故的主要类型;(2)冰雪旅游安全事故的时空分布呈现较强的集聚性,且各事故类型与时空要素关联差异性特征明显;(3)冰雪旅游安全事故结果具有严重性和复杂性的分布特征,各事故亚类与事故结果间呈现出差异化的关联结构特征;(4)环境风险、人员风险和设施风险因素是冰雪旅游安全事故的主要引致因素,且不同类型、不同结果事故的引致因素具有分布上的差异性。应有针对性地采取安全防控对策以减少冰雪旅游安全事故的发生。

As a product of the highly integrated sports industry and tourism industry,the ice and snow tourism has grown into a new consumption hot spot in recent years,but frequent safety accidents have severely restricted the healthy development of the ice and snow tourism industry.Based on 5568 cases of liability insurance accident of ice and snow travel agency from 2010 to 2019 and combined with seasonal change index,Lorentz curve,social network analysis and chi-square contingency table analysis,this paper analyzed the structural characteristics and causative factors of China’s ice and snow tourism accidents,and found that:(1)The ice and snow tourism safety accidents has a diversified structure such as sightseeing accidents,traffic safety accidents,entertainment and sports accidents,sudden illness accidents and meteorological disaster accidents;(2)The time and space distribution of ice and snow tourism safety accidents shows strong agglomeration,and the types of accidents have obvious correlation and difference with time and space elements.(3)The results of ice and snow tourism safety accidents have the distribution characteristics of severity and complexity,and the sub-categories of various accidents are also different in structure.(4)The factors of environmental risks,personnel risks,and facility risk are the main causes of ice and snow tourism safety accidents,and the causes of accidents of different types and results are different in distribution.Safety measures should be taken to reduce occurrence of safety accidents in ice and snow tourism.