以法官独立为轴心的协作型统一法律适用之路

Collaborative Approach to Unified Application of Law Centered on Judge Independence

在深化司法体制改革的背景下,于2020年形成的统一法律适用标准制度体系对于解决社会高度关注的“类案不同判”问题,统一法律适用和裁判尺度,保证司法公正和公信力等具有重要意义。但作为手段的统一司法并不等同于作为目的的公正司法,两者当前的冲突围绕着法院独立与法官独立间的辩证关系呈现,并显著辐射到与该主体相关的类案制度、司法责任制度、回避制度。针对上述问题构建的本土解决方案不能畸重统一法律适用或个别法律适用中的任何一方,而应当通过对审判风险承担主体的区分、法院科层制的改善、审判资源综合利用方式的改革等,确立法官独立在协作型统一法律适用进路中的轴心地位;通过对类案背离理念的肯定、区分技术的推广、类案网络平台的深化建设等,综合提高法官个体判断与类案制度运行的科学性;通过对审判委员会与法官司法责任的划分、回避制度的完善,维护统一法律适用工作的公正性。

Under the background of deepening the reform of the judicial system,the unified application standard system of law formed in 2020 is of great significance for solving the problem of“different sentences for similar cases”aroused great public concern,unifying the application of law and scale of adjudication,and ensuring judicial justice and credibility.However,the unified application of law as a means is not equal to judicial justice as a purpose.The current conflict of the two appears around the dialectical relationship between court independence and judge independence,and prominently reflects in the similar cases system,judicial responsibility system and avoidance system related to the subjects.The native solutions to the above problems should not be overly biased towards either the unified application of law or individual application of law,but establish the central position of judge independence in the collaborative approach to unified application of law through the distinction of trial risk-bearers,the improvement of court bureaucracy,the reform of the comprehensive utilization of trial resources,etc.And the scientificness of judges’individual judgment and the operation of case system ought to be improved comprehensively through the affirmation of the deviation from similar cases,the promotion of distinguishing technique,the further construction of the network platform for case system,etc.The justice of the unified application of law can be protected through the division of judicial responsibilities between the judicial committee and judges,the improvement of the avoidance system.