古代武舞的起源与演进研究

Research on the Origin and Evolution of Ancient Martial Dance

以历史发生发展的顺序,通过对二十四史及其相关研究资料、武术研究历史文献的梳理,分析武舞演变的历史脉络。研究表明,武舞脱胎于巫、武、舞杂糅互渗的原始巫舞,经过周代初期的制礼作乐后,成为礼乐文化的重要组成部分。春秋战国时期的礼崩乐坏催生了武舞的雅俗分化,剑舞、戟舞等俗乐武舞开始在宴飨中盛行。秦汉两代的雅乐武舞基本沿袭周代形制,并开始尝试吸收民间舞蹈素材改编成俗乐武舞。经历魏晋南北朝的衰落之后,唐代武舞迎来雅俗互融的繁荣时期。唐代之后的武舞发展逐渐式微,雅乐武舞凋敝不兴,俗乐武舞的发展开始转向民间。

In the order of historical occurrence and development,this paper analyzes the historical context of the evolution of Wushu dance by combing the twenty-four history and its related research materials and historical documents of Wushu research.The study shows that dance of martial arts was the original witchcraft dance,which was originated from witchcraft,martial arts and dance,mixing with each other.And they gradually became an important part of the ritual and music culture after the ritual and music making in early period of Zhou Dynasty.During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period,the collapse of ritual gave birth to the differentiation of the dance of martial arts.And these dances were very popular in the feasts,such as sword dance,halberd dance and so on.The elegant music and the dance of martial arts of Qin and Han dynasties basically followed the Zhou dynasty style,and they tried to absorb folk dance to recreate into folk music and dance of martial arts.After the decline of Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties,dance of martial arts in the Tang Dynasty enjoyed a prosperity time.After the Tang Dynasty,the development of dance of martial arts with elegant music gradually declined,and the development of dance of martial arts with folk music began to be accepted by the mass.