磁性纳米复合吸附剂的制备及其在水处理中的应用

Preparation of magnetic nano-composite adsorbents and their application in water treatment

淡水资源紧缺及水生态污染问题是我国乃至全世界关注的重要问题。发展简单高效的水处理技术是解决水污染的核心方法。相较于传统的氧化还原法、离子交换法及膜过滤法等,吸附法具有成本低廉、操作简单、无二次污染的特点。对吸附剂的分类与优势,由磁性纳米载体和壳聚糖、类沸石咪唑酯骨架ZIF-8、ZIF-67及离子液体等具有大量吸附位点的修饰物结合而成的复合吸附剂的合成方法及修饰策略进行介绍,并总结了复合吸附剂对水中污染物,如重金属离子、染料等的去除效果。最后,对现有磁性纳米复合吸附剂存在的不足进行分析总结,对更高效的磁性纳米复合吸附剂的发展趋势进行展望。

Urgent lack of fresh water resources and water ecology pollution have been serious issues that attract attention from China even all over the world. Accordingly,developing a simple technique of water treatment with high efficiency is considered as the core of solution of dealing with water pollution. Compared to traditional methods like oxidation-reduction reaction,ion exchange method and membrane filtration,etc.,adsorption method has advantages including low cost,easy operation and non-secondary pollution. The classification and advantages of adsorbents,the synthesis and modification strategies of composite adsorbents formed from the combination of magnetic nanoparticles and modifiers with a large number of adsorption sites including chitosan,zeolite imidazole ester skeleton ZIF-8 and ZIF-67,ionic liquids were briefly introduced. Besides,the removal effects of the magnetic nano-composite adsorbents on water pollutants such as heavy metal ions and dyes was summarized. Finally,the shortcomings of the existing magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents were analyzed,and future of the preparation of more efficient magnetic nanocomposite adsorbents was prospected.