化纤纺织染整废水中锑污染控制策略

Strategies on antimony pollution control in the chemical fiber textile dyeing and finishing wastewater

纺织染整行业是我国传统支柱产业,同时也是高耗水、高能耗、高污染行业。纺织染整废水含有大量难处理污染物,重金属也时有检出。近年来,因排放废水的锑超标而导致纺织染整企业限产停产事件时有发生。相关标准对锑的排放限值日趋严格,如《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 4287—2012)增加了对锑的排放限值(0.10 mg/L)。因此,确保废水中的锑达标排放,同时满足实用性与经济性的要求,是当前纺织染整废水处理面临的挑战。分析了与锑有关的水质标准和处理技术,提出纺织染整废水中锑污染的控制策略,包括研发经济实用的除锑新技术(如强化/优化混凝、新型吸附剂和膜材料、高效生物法),推动清洁生产,重视含锑化学品的源头控制,建立完善的含锑化学品管理体系,推进纺织染整产业聚集,对废水进行集中处理。

Textile dyeing and finishing industry is a traditional pillar industry in China,but also a high water consumption,high energy consumption and high pollution industry. Textile dyeing and finishing wastewater contains a large number of refractory pollutants,and heavy metals have been detected. In recent years,production of textile dyeing and finishing enterprises has been restricted and shut down due to excessive antimony in discharged wastewater. Relevant standards have increasingly stricter. Discharge standard of Water Pollutants for Dyeing and Finishing of Textile Industry(GB 4287—2012) has added the emission limit for antimony(0.10 mg/L). Therefore,ensuring the discharge of antimony in wastewater up to the standard,while meeting the requirements of practicality and economy is the current challenge for textile dyeing and finishing wastewater treatment. The water quality standards and treatment technologies related to antimony were analyzed,and the control strategies for antimony pollution in textile dyeing and finishing wastewater were proposed,including developing economical and practical new technologies for antimony removal(e.g.enhanced/optimized coagulation,new adsorbents and membrane materials,and efficient biological methods),promoting cleaner production,paying attention to the source control of antimony-containing chemicals,establishing a complete management system for antimony-containing chemicals,promoting the gathering of textile dyeing and finishing industries,in order to centralize the treatment of wastewater.