乌鲁木齐城市和农村绝经后女性生活方式与维生素D水平的状况

Vitamin D status and lifestyle of postmenopausal women in urban and rural areas of Urumqi

目的调查乌鲁木齐城市和农村绝经后女性生活方式与维生素D状况。方法在乌鲁木齐市及周边农村招募年龄≥55岁,绝经时间≥1年,能够独立行动的城市和农村女性各120名,排除严重肾病、肿瘤、营养不良等疾病。问卷调查采集受试者的生活、饮食习惯情况。所有受试者完成血清25(OH)D检测。结果①农村女性整体年龄低于城市女性(P<0.01),城市女性绝经年限中位数(20年)高于农村女性(13年)(P<0.01)。城市女性受教育程度及年限均高于农村女性(P<0.01)。②城市女性的健康状况及对维生素D的认知状况均好于农村女性(P<0.01),农村女性每周接受日照时间中位数高于城市女性(P<0.01),2组比较差异均具有统计学意义。城市女性中常摄入牛奶、酸奶和蛋黄人数比例均高于农村女性,农村女性饮茶人数所占比例高于城市女性,2组比较差异具有统计学意义。③农村女性总体25(OH)D水平中位数低于城市(14 ng/mL和16.5 ng/mL,P=0.003)。农村女性中25(OH)D水平<30 ng/mL者所占比例高于城市女性(106/120和116/120,P=0.025)。乌鲁木齐绝经后女性维生素D缺乏程度与发生跌倒情况呈弱负相关(P=-0.133,P=0.04)。结论乌鲁木齐城市和农村绝经后女性普遍存在维生素D缺乏,且对于维生素D认知不足,缺少户外运动及日光照射,饮食摄入不均衡可能是导致维生素D缺乏的因素。

Objective To investigate the effects of vitamin D status and life style of postmenopausal women in urban and rural areas of Urumqi.Methods Two hundred and forty participants with the age≥55 years and menopausal period≥1 year were enrolled,including 120 from urban and 120 from rural area,and those who had serious kidney disease,tumor,malnutrition and other diseases were excluded.The questionnaire collected the living and eating habits of the subjects.Serum 25(OH)D was detected in all subjects.Results The overall age of rural women is lower than that of urban women(P<0.01),and the median menopause period of urban women is higher than that of rural women(P<0.01).The education level and years of urban women are higher than those of rural women(P<0.01).Urban women′s health status and cognition of vitamin D are better than that of rural women(P=0.001),and rural women′s weekly sunshine time is higher than urban women′s(P<0.01).The proportion of urban women who often consume milk,yogurt and egg yolk is higher than that of rural women,and the proportion of rural women who drink tea is higher than that of urban women.The difference between the two groups is statistically significant.The overall median 25(OH)D level of rural women was lower than that of urban women(14.0 ng/mL vs 16.5 ng/mL,P=0.003).The proportion of rural women whose 25(OH)D level is less than 30 ng/mL is higher than that of urban women(106/120 vs 116/120,P=0.025).There is a weak negative correlation between vitamin D deficiency and falls in postmenopausal women in Urumqi(P=-0.133,P=0.04).Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency is common among postmenopausal women in urban and rural areas of Urumqi,and it may be caused by insufficient cognition of vitamin D,lack of outdoor sports and sunlight,and unbalanced dietary intake.