基于低影响开发的校园雨水控制及效益分析

Campus rainwater control and benefit analysis based on low impact development

以安徽理工大学为研究对象,应用4种低影响开发(LID)方案(植草沟、下沉式绿地、雨水罐和植草沟-下沉式绿地-雨水罐组合)构建雨洪管理模型(SWMM),模拟不同雨水重现期下各种LID方案的水文和水质性能,并评价了经济效益.结果表明:植草沟的径流削减效率最好,可延迟流量峰现时间,且能有效地削减污染负荷;除雨水罐外,另外3种LID实践方案具有良好的环境效益;从成本效益上分析,下沉式绿地和组合LID实践方案的污染物控制效果较好,但其单位削减率成本高,植草沟对污染物控制效果不理想,但其具有最低的单位削减率;若想取得较好的污染物控制效果,则需要投入更大的成本,可以采用下沉式绿地或组合LID实践方案,下沉式绿地或组合LID实践方案不仅能有效削减峰值流量,缓解城市排水管网负荷,且对污染物的削减效果较好.可为中国校园中LID实践的应用决策提供理论支持.

Taking Anhui University of Science and Technology as the research object, the storm water management model(SWMM) was constructed by using four low impact development(LID) schemes(grass swale, sunken green space, rainwater tank and grass swale-sunken green space-rainwater tank combination) to simulate the hydrological and water quality performance of various LID schemes under different rainfall recurrence periods, and the economic benefits were evaluated. According to the results, the runoff reduction efficiency of grass swale is the best, which can delay the peak time of flow and reduce the pollution load. Except the rainwater tank, the other three LID schemes have good environmental benefits. If better pollutant control effect is wanted to achieve, more cost is needed to invest, sunken green space or combination LID scheme can be used, which can effectively reduce peak flow, alleviate urban drainage network load, and reduce the effect of pollutants better. It can provide theore-tical support for the application decision of LID practices in Chinese campuses.