从肥料角度看抗战时期陕西农业的发展

Development of Agriculture in Shaanxi during the Anti Japanese War from the Perspective of Fertilizer

陕西作为中国农耕文明发源地和粮食主要产区,在抗战期间又完成了由偏隅西北的“大后方”变为中日角力的“桥头堡”的角色转变。因此,如何在保证本省军民正常供应下,满足战争消耗和逃陕灾民的需求,则成为陕西省的粮食生产面临的严峻考验。而想在耕地面积一定的情况下实现粮食增产,则主要是依靠提高单位面积的产量来实现,这其中肥料的施用,无疑是见效最快的一种。受制于陕西的地理位置、经济水平、生产习惯等多重因素制约,抗战时期陕西省的肥料推广,采用以传统有机肥料为主的方针。而且在政府主导下有组织、不间断的试验与推广,使陕西肥料的使用率和普及率大增,从而在农业发展上取得很好的效果。

As the birthplace of China’s agricultural civilization and the main grain producing area,Shaanxi completed the role transformation from the“great rear”in the northwest to the“bridgehead”of the struggle between China and Japan during Anti Japanese War.Therefore,how to meet the war consumption and the needs of victims fleeing Shaanxi under the normal supply of military and civilian in Shaanxi Province has become a severe test for the grain production.In order to increase grain production under certain cultivated land area,it depends on increasing the yield per unit area,among which the application of fertilizer is the fastest one.Restricted by multiple factors such as Shaanxi’s geographical location,economic level and production habits,the fertilizer promotion in Shaanxi during the Anti Japanese War adopted the policy of focusing on traditional organic fertilizer.Moreover,under the guidance of the government,the organized and uninterrupted test and promotion have increased the utilization and popularization rate of fertilizer in Shaanxi to achieve good results in agricultural development.