超级增强子调控基因表达的生物学作用及其在哺乳动物中的应用前景

The Biological Role of Super Enhancers in Regulating Gene Expression and Their Application Prospects in Mammals

超级增强子是一类包含多个普通增强子的大簇,主要富集高密度的转录因子、辅助因子及增强子相关表观修饰位点。与普通增强子相比,超级增强子具有更高的转录激活能力,在细胞类型特异性发育、分化以及肿瘤的发展进程中发挥关键作用。研究超级增强子在基因转录过程中的作用机制,对于揭示哺乳动物表型性状的分子机理具有十分重要的生物学意义。本文概述了超级增强子的概念、特性及鉴定方法,总结了超级增强子发挥作用的主要机制,最后对超级增强子调控动物重要表型的研究进展进行综述,并且结合超级增强子在哺乳动物方面的最新研究进展,讨论了其在哺乳类动物中的应用前景,旨在为超级增强子在动物重要性状表型研究中提供参考。

Super enhancers are a class of large clusters containing multiple enhancers,mainly enriched with a high density of transcription factors,cofactors and enhancer-associated epigenetic modification sites.Compared with enhancers,super enhancers have higher transcriptional activation capacity and play a key role in cell type-specific development,differentiation,and tumor development processes.Studying the mechanism of super-enhancer action in gene transcription is of great biological importance to reveal the molecular mechanism of mammalian phenotypic traits.This article outlines the concept,properties and identification methods of super enhancers,summarizes the main mechanisms of super enhancers function,and finally reviews the research progress of super enhancers in regulating important phenotypes of animals,and discusses their application prospects in mammals combined with the latest research progress of super enhancers,aiming to provide a reference for studying functions of super enhancer in important phenotypic traits in animals.