西方传教士在华活动与晚清“言文一致”观念的发生

Western Missionaries ’ Activities in China and Appearance of Word-Expression Consistency Idea in Late Qing Dynasty

晚清“言文一致”的发生,西方传教士的作用不可小觑。首先,传教士通过创办报刊为白话的传播提供了物质载体,同时也为晚清白话报刊的蜂起开了先声;其次,传教士引进新的教育理念,改变传统的教育内容,冲击了传统的教材,通过输入新知解放了人们的思想,也改变了人们对传播知识的媒介——语言的理解;最后,传教士的翻译直接催生了晚清的“言文一致”观念,借助拉丁字母给汉字标音,制定汉语拼音方案,引进新名词以及改良汉语语法等,形成一种“欧化的白话”,一定程度上更新了人们对言、文关系的理解,从而导致“言文一致”观念的发生。

The occurrence of“consistent words and expressions”cannot be overlooked by the missionaries.First,the missionaries provided material support for their thoughts through the creation of newspapers and periodicals,and at the same time,they also gave a precursor to the bees of the late Qing Dynasty vernacular newspapers and periodicals.Second,the missionaries introduced new educational concepts,changed traditional educational content,and impacted on traditional teaching materials.They freed people’s thoughts by inputting new knowledge,and also changed people’s understanding of language—the medium that spreads knowledge.In the end,the translation of the missionaries directly gave birth to the concept of“word and word agreement”in the late Qing Dynasty,used the Latin alphabet to characterize Chinese characters,formulated the Chinese phonetic alphabet program,introduced new terms,and improved Chinese grammar,etc.,to form a kind of"European vernacular".To a certain extent,people’s understanding of the relationship between words and texts is updated,which leads to the emergence of the concept of“words and words are consistent”.